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Viruses and Bacteria (bacteria/ ARCHAEA (energy (OBLIGATE ANAEROBE…

- - - - less complex
        
        more peptidoglycan
  - - - less peptidoglycan
        
        ENDTOXINS
        
        outer-membrane
  - - - move through pili
        
        PILI
        
        pulls two cells together
        
        FIMBRIAE
        
        hair-like appendages
        
        helps two prokaryotes stick together
        
        reproduces through pili
        
        transfers DNA to one another
        
        CONJUGATION
        
        DNA shared between two prokaryotes
        
        1 more item...
        
        temporarily joined
        
        usually same species
        
        F and R PLASMIDS
        
        2 more items...
      - TAXIS
        
        movement toward or away of stimulus
  - - - cells divide into more cells
    - - DNA genetic material transferred
      - transferred between microbial cells
    - - change in DNA sequence
        
        creates mutations and alters cells genome size
    - - helps microorganisms grow at high temps
    - - different traits in offspring
        
        not found in either parents
  - - - destroys microorganisms
      - prevents building of cell wall
  - - - rod-shaped
    - - spherical, round in shape
    - - rigid-spiral structure
      - found in stagnant water
      - Gram-negative
  - - - obtain energy through photosynthesis
      - only photosynthetic prokaryotes to produce oxygen
    - - can use oxygen
        
        can also carry out fermentation
        
        BIOREMEDIATION
        
        removes pollutants
    - - only carries out NITROGEN FIXATION
        
        used by some cyanobacteria and methanogens
        
        converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
    - - poisoned by oxygen
      - lives exclusively by fermentation
      - others by chemical energy
    - - uses light energy
        
        synthesis organic compounds from carbon dioxide
    - - organic materials
      - both energy and carbon
  - - - production of toxins
    - - bacteria with rigid cell walls
      - motile types have flagella
      - pairs or chains and is spherical
- - - - simplest living forms
      - cannot reproduce
        
        only reproduce within the host cell
        
        infects only certain amount of hosts
      - genes made of nucleic acids
        
        some consist of dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, ssRNA
        
        called a DNA or RNA virus
        
        depends on nucleic acid that makes genome
        
        PLASMID
        
        replicating DNA
        
        single cell RNA
        
        ENTEROVIRUS
        
        through the intestine
    - - tiny infectious particle
        
        nucleic acid enclosed in protein coat
        
        some have a membranous envelope
    - - has neither DNA or RNA
        
        cant transmit virus
  - - - identical subunits
      - equilateral triangles
  - - - prepares the immune system
        
        immune system starts fighting PATHOGEN
        
        pathogens are prokaryotic
    - - treats viral infections
  - - - specialized for locomotion
        
        different structures in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
        
        prokaryotes have a core
        
        has 9 outer double microtubles
        
        two inner single microtubles
  - - - local, in an area virus
    - - globally spread virus
  - - - new line of research
  - - - can only infect so many
    - - replicates phage genome
      - does not destroy the host
    - - death of host cell
    - - viral DNA
    - - host is negatively infected while organism is helped
- - - - EX: mosquito helps spread west nile
  - - - contains proteins, nucleic acid
  - - - infects bacteria