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Growth and Cells Division of the Cell (S Phase (syntesis) (chromosome is…
Growth and Cells Division of the Cell
G1 Phase (gap 1)
1st stage of division
synthesis of nucleotides
Cell Cycle 2-3
longest cycle
undergoes cell cycle arrest
stops dividing
may enter G1 like stage
S Phase (syntesis)
genes in nucleus replication
genome (entire complex)
polymer of nucleotides
chromosome is replicated
endoreduplication
endoreduplication (hairs)- (all)
gene amplification (not all)
links DNA & new histone mol. complex
G2 Phase
preparation for division
last phase (3-5hrs)
spindle microtubules synthesis
Protein Production
break down nuclear envelope
Mitosis
duplication division
growth in cells ++
nuclear genes copied
copies are separated (2)
has individual nucleus
Prophase
during Interphase
DNA double helix
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chromosomes condense
nuclear envelope breaks into vesicles
attach to Rough ER
if has centrtiol- moves to opposite poles
pulled by spindle microtubules
kinetochore (attachement point)
Metaphase
metaphase plate
chromosomes align in middle
separase (protein degrading enzym)
digest cohesin
chromosomes split
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Anaphase
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kinetochore pulled to opposite sides
Telophase
2 daughter cells form
Cytokinesis
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preprophase band= plane of division/region of attachment to existing wall
phragmoplast=short microtubules aligned parallel to spindle microtubules
trap diccyosome vesicles
fus into large flat platte likevesicles
grow outward towards the original cell
Meiosis
daughter nuclei replicate original mother
sex calls (gametes)
zyotes
tetraploid
reduction division (meiosis)
Meiosis 1
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first division= 2 cells
Meiosis 2
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second division= 4 cells
PMAT