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OPTION G: URBAN ENVIRONMENTS (URBAN STRESS (urban heat island effect…
OPTION G: URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
URBAN POPULATIONS
urbanisation
centripetal movement
rural-urban migration
gentrification
re-urbanisation and urban renewal
centrifugal movement
suburbinisation
counter-urbanisation
urban sprawl
natural change (e.g. young people want to live near entertainment, young couples eventually want larger houses in suburbs to start families etc.)
megacities
URBAN LAND USE
affected by
wealth
ethnicity
family life cycle
urban poverty and deprivation
slums
zoning (e.g. residential, industrial etc.)
CBD core/frame characteristics
formal/informal economy
URBAN STRESS
urban microclimate
urban heat island effect
weather conditions
topography/hydrology
population size/density
economic development
building/street design
land surface cover
anthropogenic heating
air pollution
air pollution
noise pollution
congestion and overcrowding
depletion of green space
waste
social deprivation (e.g. crime, inequality etc.)
THE SUSTAINABLE CITY
unsustainable cycle (open/linear)
uncontrolled inputs and outputs
e.g. LEDCs (India)
sustainable cycle (circular system)
inputs are reduced, outputs are recycled
e.g. Curitiba, Brazil or Singapore