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History unit 1.4.1 (18th and 19th century) (1.4.1.2: highway robbery…
History unit 1.4.1 (18th and 19th century)
1.4.1.1: Continuity and change
CHANGE
Police forces
Bow Street Runners, set up by the Fielding brothers, not well paid or equipped, not very fit
Metropolitan Police, set up by Robert Peel, well paid, well equipped, had to be 5 foot 7, had to take fitness tests, had some training
Punishments
Prisons like Pentonville were introduced for crimes such as theft. This led to the end of the Bloody Code as there was now an alternative to being hung.
CONTINUITY
For the first part of this period, the bloody code was still in use
1.4.1.2: highway robbery
Highwaymen would stop carriages and hold passengers at gunpoint and demand money and valuables
There was a misconception that Highwaymen were polite and heroic
This is not true. Highwaymen were ruthless and greedy, and would happily kill someone if they didn't get what they wanted
Increased with the creation of new roads and new types of traffic i.e stagecoaches and stagecoach routes
Decreased with more policing and the increasing popularity of trains
1.4.1.3: Changing the definitions of crime
No longer a crime
Witchcraft
Petty Treason (killing your social superior)
Now classified under murder so had a less harsh punishment (still the death penalty, but hanging instead of burning)
Now a crime
Joining a trade union
See 1.4.1.4: The Tolpuddle Martyrs
Unauthorized political meetings
After the Peterloo Massacre where drunk soldiers ended up killing 18 protesters. This caused the government to create the Six Acts in 1819 which banned political gatherings of over 50 people. This also helped stop the spread of anti-government ideas.
1.4.1.4: The Tolpuddle Martyrs
To prevent their pay from being cut even more, the Tolpuddle Martyrs set up the Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers. This prevented farm workers' pay from being cut even further.
However, an old law saying that you can't swear oaths in secret meant that they were transported to Australia
Many people protested this