Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Idealism and Education :bulb: (Development of Modern Idealism (Immanuel…
Idealism and Education
:bulb:
Development of Modern Idealism
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Educated in Königsberg and eventually became the most famous professor the University of Königsberg
Produced 'Critique of Pure Reason' and ' Critique of Practical Reason'
sought to bring order to the divergent and warring philosophical camps of rationalism and empiricism
Rationalist : sought universal truth and ideas
Empiricist : immediate perceptions of experience
Accepted the validity and reliability of modern science
Kant's idealism comes from his concetration on human thought processes.
Worked out a system based on a synthetic and a analytic logical judgement
Rejected Berkeley's position that things are totally independent on mind because this notion would reject the possibilty of science law
His systematic thought has greatly influenced all subsequent Western philosophy, idealistic and otherwise
Established in his moral philosophy was to treat each person as an end and never such as a mere mean
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
Born in Stuttgart, Germany, studied in University of Tubingen and majored in theology
Became prominent and overriding figure in philosophy
His three major aspects of system consist of logic, nature and spirit
Published three important books 'Phenomenology of Mind', 'Logic' and 'Philosophy of right'.
A logistic. The word 'dialectic' best fits Hegel's logic and often has been potrayed as a rather mechanical warring between thesis and antithesis.
Change, development and movement are all central and necessary in Hegel's logic
Hegelian system is movement toward richer, more complex and more complete synthesis that led to glorification of the community that he no longer held onto
Thought that to be truly educated, one must pass through the various stages of the cultural evolution of humankind
David Hume (1711-1776)
The Scottish-born philosopher
greatest antagonist to the ideas of Berkeley
born in Edinburgh, Scotland
studied Law and served in France
member of English Embassy
write 'Treatise upon Human Nature' when 26 years old
he believed that no more justification could be found for the existense of a deity than existense of matter
he believed that he had destroyed the concept of mind and God
Josiah Royce (1855-1916)
One of the most influential American exponents of Hegelian Idealism of the 20th centuries
Argued that embodiment purpose is the criterion of "mentality" and that internal essence of anything is mental
Believe that ideas are essentially purposes or plans of action and that the fullfillment of ideas is found when they are put into action
One of the most important things for a person to develop is a sense of loyalty to moral principle and causes
William Torrey Harris was another American who was a philosopher and an educator and who promoted idealism
George Berkeley (1685-1753)
born and educated in Ireland
work as minister in Episcol Church
write Principles of Human Knowledge
his philosophical views strongly towards religious
he refuted matter by showing that matter cannot exist except as a form of mind
he was a champion of ideal realities and values
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Born in LA Haze, France
educated by the Jesuits
philosophically challenged Catholic doctrine
philosophy characterized as Idealism
contributed to philosophical realism
works the Discourse on Method & Meditations on First philosophy
searching for indubitable ideas
The Cartesian
Cartesian cogito stimulated philosophical thought
supports the tradition idealism
cogito was induitable
he arrived at two principles; the cogito and the Deity
Idealism as a Philosophy of Education
Methods and Curriculum
Idealists lean toward studies that provide depth
Idealist find that much of great literature of the past has move pertince to contemporary problems that what is considered new and relevant
Idealist prefer that such skills taught in ways that also develop conceptual ability
Most idealists advocate a conceptual method that includes both dialectic and the intuitive approach to learning
A holistic approach leads to more liberal and scholarly attitude towaards learning
Best method of learning was the dialectic that is widely used
Role of a Teacher
Teacher should not only understand the various stages of learning but also maintain constant concern about the ultimate purpose of learning
Role of teachers; use classroom instruction and presentation to help students learn and apply concepts
The role of a teacher is clearly more than just planning and executing lesson plans.
Aims of Education
Search for truth
Philosophical wisdon or the conception of true ideas is the highest aim of education
Self-realization
Idealism has exerted so much influence on educational views about individual mind and self
Character development
Many idealists are concerned with moral character as an outgrowth of thinking and thoughtful actions
To discover and develop each individual's abilities and full moral excellence
To search for truth and further the character development of learners
Critique of Idealism in Education
Weakening factors of idealism
Industrialization and technological advnces have taken their toll
Developments in science have brought about fundamental challenges to idealistic principles
HIstorical decline of the influence of traditional religion in contemporary affairs
Has often ignored the belief of many people who finds its cog nitive emphasis narrow and pedantic
Rise of idealism
Idealists gives more attention to the development of character than do advocates of the other philosophies
The kind of character training that idealists promote make student gullible
Emphasize the self-realization aspect of character education
Contention that the primary function of philosophy is to search for and disseminate truth
Strenghts of idealism
The high cognitive level of education
Concern for safeguarding and promoting cultural learning
Their great concern for morality and character development
Their belief in the importance of self-realization
Comprehensive, systematic and holistic approach
Teacher as a revered person central to the educational process
Development of Idealism
Plato Idealism
was known for his writings in which Socrates is the protagonist
people don't create knowledge, they discover it
A Greek philosopher
he said "people should concern themselves primarily with the search of truth"
2 famous works of his; The Republic and Laws
saw the dialectic as a vehicle for moving from a concern with the material world to a concern with the world of ideas
opened a school; The Academy
Religious Idealism
Idealism has extend considerable influence on religion
Augustine (354-430)
was born into and reared under the influence of Hellenistic culture
he became a priest in 391, and in 395 he was appointed as Bishop of Hippo
he connected the philosophy of Platonists and Neoplatonists with Christian beliefs.
he was greatly concerned with the concept of evil and believed that because man inherited the sin of Adam