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Modes of trading Internationally (Importing and exporting : problems and…
Modes of trading Internationally
Imports
What ?
Purchase of goods and services by a buyer in onecountry from a seller in another country
Who ?
input optimizers
opportunistics
Arbitrageurs
Characteristics of importers
Why ?
specialization of labor
global rivalry
Local unavailability
Diversification
Exports
What ?
Sale of goods and services produced by a firm based in one country for customers that reside in anoher country
Who ?
Non-exporters
Occasional exporters
Regular exporters
Matter of advantages
Ownership advantages
location advantages
Internalization advantages
Characteristics
cultural
political
legal
economic
Why export ?
Profitability
Productivity
Diversification
Export : initiation and development
Sequences and Increments
incremental internationalization
Born globals
Interaction: time and place
Wildcard role of serendipity
Approaches to exporting
Direct exporting
indirect exporting
Which approach when ?
Technology's role
mix and match
Importing and exporting : problems and pitfalls
Financial risks
Customer management
International business expertise
Marketing challenges
Top management commitment
Government regulation
Trade documentation
Importing and exporting : Resources and assistance
Government agencies
export intermediaries
export management company
Export trading company
Fees
Customs brokers
Finding help
Freight Forwarders
Third-party logistics