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Modern Deep Sea Sediments (A. Sources (Continents (Dissolved material in…
Modern Deep Sea Sediments
A. Sources
Continents
Dissolved material in rivers
Suspended particulate matter in rivers
Submarine (hydrothermal)
Hot water percolating through crust picks up elements
These elements are eventually precipitated out when water is released in contact with colder seawater
Extraterrestrial - meteors,
Marine - i.e. biological productivity in oceans
B. Composition
What is the sediment made of ? (allows inference sources)
Biogenic
sediments produced organically
opal, CaCO3, Corg
Lithogenic - clastic
Material from land (hinterland)
In-situ or redeposited (turbidites)
Authigenic
inorganic precipitates i.e. evaporites
D. Distribution Influences
1. Proximity to source
2. Seafloor depth
Important wrt CaCO3 dissolution (what is z wrt CCD?)
Shallow / atop MOR - expect carbonates
Deep ocean below CCD - expect clays
e.g. Deeper older basin
Less carbonates - they dissolve
Inorganic sediments dominant
i.e. clays formed from diagenesis of ooze
3. Seawater chemistry
i.e. opal vs CaCO3 concentrations
Dictates what type of blooms occur
4. Sedimentation rate (opal, Corg) vs accumulation rate
C. Transport
Wind (eolian)
Water (riverine/currents)
Ice
Gravity
Average sedimentation rate = 1 cm / kyr