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Proteins (Structure (All amino acids have a base, The base is made of a…
Proteins
Structure
All amino acids have a base
The base is made of a amine group, a hydrogen, a carbon and a carboxylic acid.
There is a residual group (R) this is the only thing that changes between the ameno acids
A protine is a polymer made up of a long chain of these amino acids.
example: Collagen
there are 20 different naturally occurring amino acids
the body can only make 12 amino acid we need to get the other 8 from outside sources.
functions
enzymes catalyse reactions
carrier proteins transport molecules
antibodies defend against disease
structural proteins support cells
hormones transmit info
transport proteins like haemoglobin take oxygen through blood
contractile proteins make enable muscles to contract
diagrams
Testing
To test for proteins you use the biuret test
Add some of the biuret to the sample and mix
If the test is positive your sample will turn purple
tertiary structure
a complex 3D shape
it twists and folds around its self
lots of different bonds
ionic bonds between the chains
disulphide bonds between the r groups
hydrogen bonds between the chains
lots of them but easily broken
if you have enough it will be strong
dipeptides
two amino acids bod to make these
it is a condensation reaction so it makes water when it breaks
if you have more then 2 these are called polypeptides or proteins
