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SKELETAL DYSPLASIA (SCLEROSING BONE DYSPLASIAS (MeloRheoStoSis (wavy…

- - - - AXIAL
        
        multiple wormian bones
        
        delayed closure of fontanelles
        
        delayed and defective dentition
        
        midline spinal defects
        
        wide symphysis due to delayed ossification
        
        narrow thorax
  - - - • rhizomelic limb shortening
        • large cranium with prominent forehead
        • small foramen magnum (hydrocephalus)
        • “bullet vertebra” at T/L junction -> protuberant abdomen, acute kyphosis
        • increase lumbar lordosis -> protuberant buttocks, horizontal sacrum
        • short, thick pedicles
        • decreasing interpedicular distance caudally -> canal stenosis
        • posterior vertebral body scalloping
        • shallow acetabulum, dysplastic femoral heads -> early arthritis
        • champagne glass pelvis
- - - - AXIAL
        
        • Scoliosis
        
        • posterior vertebral body scalloping
        
        • protrusio acetabuli
        
        • pectus excavatum
      - APPENDICULAR
        
        • osteoporosis (uncommon)
        
        • dislocations, subluxation
        
        • pes planus
    - - AXIAL
        • mild to profound osteoporosis
        • wormian bones
        • biconcave vertebral bodies
        • Kyphoscoliosis
        • triradiate pelvis
      - APPENDICULAR • mild to profound osteoporosis
        • short, widened (congenita) or gracile (tarda) tubular bones
        • bowing deformities
        • most reveal multiple fractures
        • fractures may heal with excessive callus formation
        • evidence of stabilisation rods
        • premature degenerative disease
        • rare cystic form