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Opioid Analgesic Drugs (Morphine (MOA: μ, k and delta receptor agonist,…
Opioid Analgesic Drugs
Morphine
MOA: μ, k and delta receptor agonist
Effects: Analgesic which is the marked elevation in the pain threshold without loss of consciousness and Euphoria which is the pleasant floating sensation.
S.E: Sedation, Respiratory depression, Nausea and vomiting, constipation, miosis, histamine release
Pharmacokinetics: Oral, rectal and intracethecal adminstration, half-life of 3-4 hours, variable 1st pass-metabolism and used as a management of breakthrough pain
Limitations to Clinical Use: Tolerance so gradual loss of effectiveness. Dependence- cessation of chronic therapy, withdrawal syndrome and craving.
Weak Opioid Agonists
Codeine
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Anti-diarrhoea, anti-tussive(cough suppressant)
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Tramadol
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Increased risk of seizures, serotonin syndrome and physical dependence
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Opioid Antagonists
Naloxone
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When combined with morphine, it allows the reversal of opioid actions such as respiratory depression in acute opioid overdose
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