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Modes of trading Internationally (Importing and exporting : Problems…
Modes of trading Internationally
Exporting
Sales of goods and services
Produced by a firm based in one country to customers that reside in another country
Who are exporters?
Non exporter
Occasional exporters
Regular exporters
Advantages
Ownership advantages
Location advantage
Internalization advantages
Why ?
Profitability
Productivity
Diversification
Approaches to exporting
Direct exporting
Indirect exporting
Passively Filling Orders from Domestic Buyers Who Then Export the Product
Selling to Domestic Buyers Who Represent Foreign End Users or Customers
Which approach?
Technology's role
Mix and match
Importing
Who are importers ?
Input optimizer
Opportunistic
Arbitragers
Why ?
Specialization of labor
Global rivalry
Local unavailabiity
Diversification
Importing and exporting : Problems
Financial risk
Customer management
International Business expertise
Marketing challenges
Top management commitment
Government regulation
Trade documentation
Importing and exporting : Ressources
Government agencies
Export intermediaries
EMC
ETC
Fees
Custom brokers
Freight forwarders
Third party Logistics
Looking for the future
Online platforms
Software platforms
Logistics platforms
The great Leveling
Countertrade
Costs
Benefits