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SEMANTIC CHANGES (Herman Paul`s classification of semantic changes (The…
SEMANTIC CHANGES
Causes of semantic change
extra-linguistic factors
various change in the life of the speech community
changes in economic and social structures
changes in culture,knowledge,technology,arts etc
changes of ideas,scientific concepts,way of life
linguistic factors-factors acting within the language system
Herman Paul`s classification of semantic changes
The main ways:
Gradual-specialization and generalization
momentary-mataphor and metonymy
The secondary ways:
Gradual-elevation and degradation
Momentory-hyperbole and litotes
Specialization=narrowing the meaning
Generalization=widening the meaning
Nature of semantic change
2 kinds of association
similarity of meanings
-metaphor
contiguity of meanings
-metonymy
-synecdoche