Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Tissues (External stem (Phyllotaxy (arraignment of leaves (spiral (not…
Tissues
External stem
Phyllotaxy
arraignment of leaves
spiral
not aligned
whorled
three or more leaves per node
opposite
two leaves per node
decussate
leaves in four rows
diachous
leaves in two rows
alternate
one leaf per node
bud scales
protects organs
leaf axil
stem area right above leaf attachment
nodes
where leaves attach
internodes
mini shoot
dormant apical. meristem
axillary bud
extreme trip of stem
terminal bud
rhizomes
horizontal stems
spreads underground
types of stems
tubers
like rhizomes
growth is short
stores nutrients
Tissues
Collenchyma
Primary wall
bands next to vascular bundles
plasticity
shooting tips
elongating
flexible
cell wall thick
glucose production
Parenchyma
secrete nectar
fragrance and oil
thin primary wall
mass of parenchyma cells
most common cell/tissue
many chloroplasts
others are pigmented
transfer cells
another type
short transport distance
Chlorenchyma cells
Parenchyma cells in photosynthesis
function by dying at maturity
Glandular cells
Parenchyma cells
Sclerenchyma
primary wall thick
secondary wall
sclerids & fibers
elastics walls
develop from parenchyma cells
conduction sclerenchyma
trachieds & vessel elements
Stem growth /differentiation
apical meristems
primary growth
growth originates here
tip produces auxin
causes the growth
subpincal meristems
below apical
cells are dividing
metaxylem
distinguished by broader tracheids
vessels are pitted
reticulate walls
protaoxylem
first xylem to develop
narrow vessels formed by smaller cells
Organization
epidermis
outer tangential walls
encrusted with cutin
fatty substance makes impermeable
builds up a cuticle
outer membrane
single layer of parenchyma cells
guard cells
elongated outwards
become trichomes/hairs
stromals between them
froms stroma
cortex
interior to epidermis
composed of parenchyma cells
partly composed of collenchyma cells
vasular tissue
not like animal vascular
two types
xylem
water and minerals
phloem
distributes minerals & sugars
xylem
annular thickening
small secondary wall in rings
tracheids
vessel elements
helical thickening
secondary wall into three helices
reticulate thickening
secondary wall shapes into net
scalariform thickening
provides strength
phloem
Steve cells
non angiosperm
ends pointed
long/narrow
sleve tube memebers
short/wide
fat ends
on end walls are large
side walls are small
companion cells
angiosperms only
