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Rasheed_Samaa_BL2 MM2 cells (Eukaryotes (Animal cells (intercellular…

- - - - rigid structure
    - - outer coating
    - - synthesize proteins
    - - enclose cytoplasm
    - - locomotion organelles of some bacteria
    - - attached structures on surface
    - - DNA is located
- - - - organize spindle fibers
        
        cell division
    - - membrane enclosed microtubules
    - - protection
        
        glycoproteins
        
        collagen
        
        fibronectin
        
        proteoglycans
    - - tight junctions
      - gap junctions
      - desmosomes
  - - - converts energy from sunlight to sugar
        
        double membrane
        
        thylakoids
    - - cell shape
        
        primary, secondary and middle lamella
      - protect from damage
      - made of cellulose
    - - channels connecting cytoplasms of different cells
    - - Ribososmes
        
        bound ribosomes
        
        proteins made to be exported out of the cell (secretion)
        
        Free ribsomes
        
        proteins produce for cells own use
      - endomembrane system
        
        Endoplasmic reticulum
        
        Rough ER
        
        makes secretory proteins
        
        membrane factory, form transport vesicles
        
        Smooth ER
        
        detoxify drugs and poison
        
        stores calcium
        
        helps synthesize steroids, phospholipids, oils
        
        Golgi apparatis
        
        process and package substances made in ER
        
        secrete in other parts of the cell
        
        Lysosomes (animal cells only)
        
        Have digestive (Hydroltic) enzymes
        
        intracelullar digestion
        
        phagocytosis
        
        breaking down damaged orgelle
        
        Autophagy
        
        vesicles
        
        transport material within plasma membrane
        
        vacuoles (plant cells only)
        
        storage
        
        food vacuoles
        
        formed by foreign material
        
        contractile vacuoles
        
        pump out excess water
      - Nucleus
        
        Nucleolus
        
        ribosomal RNA is synthesized
        
        Chromatin
        
        made up of chromosome
        
        carry genetic information, store DNA
        
        nuclear envelope
        
        membrane with pores to separate contents from the cytoplasm
        
        outer membrane
        
        inner membrane
        
        pore complexes , ribosomes can come through
      - Mitochondria
        
        inner membrane
        
        cristae
        
        mitochondrial membrane
        
        makes the ATP
        
        outer membrane
      - Peroxisome
        
        produce hydrogen peroxide
        
        glyoxysomes convert fatty acids to sugars in plants
        
        break down fatty acids
      - Cytoskeleton
        
        Microfilaments
        
        actin
        
        cell shape
        
        changes in cell shape
        
        muscle contraction
        
        cytoplasmic streaming
        
        cell mobility
        
        cell division
        
        Intermediate Filaments
        
        keratin
        
        cell shape
        
        anchorage of nucleus and other organelles
        
        form nuclear lamina
        
        Microtubules
        
        tubulin
        
        chromosome movement in cell division
        
        organelle movement
        
        cell mobility
        
        maintenance of cell shape
      - Plasma membrane
        
        regulates what comes in and out of the cell
        
        consists of phospholipd bilayer
        
        integral proteins
        
        hydrophobic interier
        
        peripheral proteins
        
        loosely bound to surface
        
        cholesteral molecules
    - - synonymous with centrosome