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Cells (Endocytosis- The process by which large particles and…
Cells
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Plasma Membrane the barrier of the cell that keeps the outside out and inside in. Involved with the transport of substances into and outside of the cell
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Membrane Transport
Facilitated Diffusion Moving down a concentration gradient- from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until equilibrium is reached. No energy required. E.g. larger particles, charged particles (ions) not soluble in lipids.
Active Transport Going inside of cell to outside. Requires protein. ATP is required. Moves against a concentration gradient.
Simple Diffusion Moving down a concentration gradient- from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until equilibrium is reached, no energy required. E.g. Oxygen, CO2, Water
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The Nucleus The control center. The DNA, the genetic information, is stored here. Provides the instructions for protein synthesis.
Components of the NucleusThree main components: Nuclear Envelope, Nucleoli, Chromatin
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ChromatinGranular, threadlike material composed of DNA and histone proteins, DNA constitutes the genes.
Nuclear Envelope- Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm, regulates the passage of substances to and from the nucleus.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum-Makes proteins that are secreted from the cell; makes the cells membranes.
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is a membrane system of sacs and tubules, externally studded with ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- The site of lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification
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Golgi Apparatus- Receives and modifies proteins from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, sorts them, repackages them for Export, Plasma Membrane growth (Phospholipid Bi-layer), and creation of Lysosomes.
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Microfilaments Helps form the cell's cytoskeleton. Involved in muscle contractions and other intercellular movement
Microfilaments are strands made of spherical protein called actin. Which helps change the shape of the cell. Not permanent.
Intermediate Filaments- Permanent, stable cytoskeletal elements. Resists tension forces.
Tough, insoluble protein fibers constructed like woven ropes.
Microtubules-support the cell and give it its shape, involved in Intercellular and cellular movements. Form centrioles.
Hollow tubes of spherical protein, has a lumen, long, Not permanent.
Centrioles-Organizes a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters; form the bases of cilia and flagella.
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Peroxisomes- Enzymes that detoxify a number of toxic substances. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide. Membranous sacs.