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Cells (Endocytosis (There are three different variations of endocytosis:…
Cells
Endocytosis
There are three different variations of endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis, the opposite of endocytosis, is the reverse process of moving materials into a cell. Its purpose is to expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid. Waste material is kept in a membrane and fuses with the interior of the plasma membrane. The fusion opens the membrane with the waste material on the outside of the cell, and the waste material is expelled into the extracellular space.
Organelles
The "ER" or Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of membranous canals filled with fluid. The ER is the transport system of the cell, it carries materials throughout the cell. There are 2 types of ER: smooth and rough. Smooth ER contains no ribosomes and is smooth in appearance. Rough ER is lined with ribosomes and is rough in appearance.
The plasma/cell membrane's structure is a fluid like bilipid membranous layer composed of proteins and carbohydrates.
The function of the cell membrane is to separate the cell from its external environment, has selective permeability, and maintains the intracellular environment.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that is composed of mainly water and found between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
The function of cytoplasm is to house organelles and other substances may be dissolved in cytoplasm.
The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell. It is dark and round and surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope/membrane.
The function of the nucleus is that it is the control center of the cell and contains genetic information (DNA).
Ribosomes are small particles that are found in the cytoplasm and line the rough ER. The also produce protein.
Golgi Body/Aparatus are stacks of flattened membranous stacks. It temporarily stores protein that can leave the cell via vesicles that pinch off from the Golgi.
Lysosomes are small sack-like structures surrounded by a single membrane containing strong digestive enzymes. When released, the breakdown worn out organelles or food.
The mitochondria are round tube-like organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and the inner membrane is folded. It is called the powerhouse of he cell because it releases energy from food to be used by the cell.
Vacuoles are fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane. They can store materials such as food, water, minerals, and waste products.
Phagocytosis, or cell eating, is the process of large particles, such as cells or other large particles, are taken in by a cell.
Pinocytosis, or cell drinking, is the process of taking in molecules, including water, in which the cell needs from the extracellular fluid.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis employs receptor proteins in the plasma membrane the have specific binding characteristics for certain substances.