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AlyssaMillerCells (Organelles (nucleus (control center of the cell,…
AlyssaMillerCells
Organelles
nucleus
control center of the cell
storage of DNA
ribosomes
protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum
rough e.r.
makes proteins
has ribosomes attached
makes cell membranes
smooth e.r.
lipid and hormone synthesis
drug detoxification
lipid metabolism
golgi apparatus
packages, changes and sorts proteins for excretion
lysosomes
intracellular digestion
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
ATP synthesis
microfilaments
involved in intracellular movement and forming cytoskeleton
intermediate filaments
resist tension on the cell
microtubules
support cell and give it shape
peroxisomes
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
detoxifies toxic substances
centrioles
form the bases of cilia and flagella
Cell Components
membrane transport types
simple diffusion
diffusion of molecules down a concentration gradient through a phospholipid bilayer
no energy required
active transport
moving substances against a concentration gradient
energy required: ATP is the form of energy
osmosis
diffusion of water
facilitated diffusion
diffusion of a solute across the membrane through a protein
no energy required
cell membrane
protection of the cell
cytoplasm
most activities occur here
where the organelles are located
Endocytosis
receptor-mediated
selective
substance binds to receptor proteins and is ingested
pinocytosis
"cell-drinking"
non-selective
bringing a substance into the cell without selection
phagocytosis
"cell eating"
selective
cell engulfing a large particle
Exocytosis
secretion of substances out of the cell
transported through a vesicle
exit occurs by a pore
Cell Cycle
interphase
growth and prep for division
mitotic phase
cell division
Meiosis
nuclear division
chromosomes split in half
Mitosis
cell division
1 prophase
2 metaphase
3 anaphase
4 telophase
cytokinesis