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Soo_Alexandra_Block2_MM2 (Prokaryotic Cells (Structure (Unicellular, no…

- - - - Plasma Membrane
        
        regulates cells that can enter/ exit the cell
      - Pili
        
        creates attachments for cells to cling to
      - Nucleoid
        
        a part of cellular process
        
        contains DNA and RNA
      - Ribosomes
        
        synthesize proteins
      - Cell Wall
        
        protects cell
        
        controls what can enter the cell
      - Flagella
        
        allows the cell to move/ propel
  - - - Aerobic
        
        thrive on oxygen
      - Anerobic
      - Facultative aneraobes
        
        don't require oxygen, put prefer it
      - Create their own energy
        
        light
        
        chemical reactions
- - - - Interior Structure
        
        Mitochondrian
        
        Includes Cellular Respiration
        
        Generates ATP
        
        Peroxisome
        
        Produces carbon dioxide
        
        defends against pathogens & toxins
        
        Centrosome
        
        includes centrioles
        
        unknown function
        
        Microtubules are created
        
        Cytoskeleton
        
        Microfilaments
        
        maintains cell shape
        
        muscle contractions
        
        cytoplasmic streaming
        
        role in cell division
        
        Microtubules
        
        cell motility via Cilia & Flagella
        
        cell division (chromosome development)
        
        maintains cell shape (resists compression)
        
        Intermediate Filaments
        
        maintains cell shape
        
        support cell to cell cohesion
        
        forms under nuclear lamina
        
        anchorage of nucleus envelope
        
        Endomembrane system
        
        Smooth ER
        
        stores & creates lipids & steroids
        
        controls storage and release of ions?
        
        Rough ER
        
        synthesize protein molecules
        
        turn into vesicles
        
        Golgi Apparatus
        
        send off/ package proteins
        
        secrets cell products
        
        Lysosomes
        
        digest food
        
        Hydrolyzes macromolecules
        
        break down molecules of damaged organelles
        
        Nucleus
        
        contains most of the cell genes
        
        Nuclear Envelope
        
        membrane that encloses nucleus
        
        connects with both endoplasmic reticulum through pores
        
        Nucleolus
        
        nucleoli
        
        produces ribosomes
        
        Chromatin
        
        made of proteins and DNA
        
        used in cell division
      - Exterior Structure
        
        Microvilli
        
        projects & increases cell surface area
        
        Flagellum
        
        allows cell to move/ locomotion
        
        Plasma Membrane
        
        encloses cell
    - - Plant Cells
        
        also have...
        
        Plasmodesmata
        
        connects cytoplasm to adjacent cells
        
        Chloroplasts
        
        turns sunlight into food energy for the cell
        
        Cell Wall
        
        maintains cell's shape
        
        protects cell from mechanical damage
        
        made of polyssaccharides, proteins & cellulose
        
        Vacuoles
        
        food storage
        
        hydrolyze macromolecules
        
        enlarge for cell growth
        
        tonoplast
        
        closes off vacuoles
      - Fungi Cells
      - Animal Cells
        
        also have...
        
        lysosomes
        
        Hydrolyzes macromolecules
        
        break down molecules of damaged organelles
        
        digest food
        
        Centrioles
        
        help with cell division
        
        create spindle fibers
        
        Flagella
        
        propels cell motion