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Cell Anatomy (Nucleus (Components (Nuclear Membrane (A lipid bilayer that…

- - - - A lipid bilayer that encloses the nucleus, protecting genetic material from the activity in the cytoplasm
    - - The DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes. Efficiently packages DNA allowing for cellular reproduction
    - - Makes Ribosomes, stores genetic material, coordinates and signals cellular activity like growth, or cell division
- - - - Protein Channel
      - Integral Membrane Protein
      - Peripheral membrane protein
  - - - Exocytosis
        
        Golgi apparatus packages vesicles that travel and fuse with plasma membrane.during the fusion, contents spill out of the vesicle outside the cell
      - Endocytosis
        
        Pinocytosis
        
        Vesicle is formed in the plasma membrane, whatever fills it goes in (non-selective)
        
        Receptor mediated cytosis
        
        Vesicle is formed with selective proteins that only accept binding material into the vesicle (requires proteins for selection
        
        Phagocytosis
        
        Engulfing movement by a cell around a cell "eating it" - absorbs and destroys.
      - Facilitated Diffusion
        
        Movement down a concentration gradient that needs a protein to facilitate the diffusion. Particle to large or charged, or not lipid soluble so it can't occur passively. (No energy needed, just protein facilitator)
      - Simple Diffusion
        
        Lipid soluble, non-charged molecules moving down a concentration gradient (No energy needed/ passive)
      - Active Transport
        
        Moving particles against a concentration gradient (low to high), requires a protein to facilitate AND energy input.
- - - - Ribosomes
        
        Responsible for protein synthesis, found in cytoplasm or on rough ER
      - Rough Endoplasmatic Reticulum (ER)
        
        Like smooth ER but studded with ribosomes to produce proteins to be secreted from the cell
      - Smooth Endoplasmatic Reticulum
        
        Membranes of sacs and tubules synthesizing lipids and steroidal hormones, lipid metabolism, and drug detox
      - Golgi Apparatus
        
        Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for exports from the cell, or enlarging plasma membrane, or lysosome production
      - Lysosome
        
        Small vesicle in cytoplasm holding enzymes for intracellular digestion. Metabolizes biological material
      - Mitochondria
        
        The powerhouse of the cell. Breaks down nutrients into ATP for energy
      - Peroxisome
        
        Small vesicle in cytoplasm holding enzymes to metabolize toxins
      - Cytoskeleton
        
        Microfilaments
        
        Smallest of the 3. Muscle contraction and other intracellular movement. Can break down or build up as needed.
        
        Intermediate Filaments
        
        Middle size of the 3. Stablizes and resists tension, connected to desmosomes
        
        Microtubules
        
        The largest of the 3. Supports the cell and gives it shape, involve in intracellular and cellular movement, forms centrioles
      - Centrioles
        
        Made of microtubules, pulls apart chromatids for cell division