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Tissues and Primary Growth (Sclerenchyma (primary wall (thick secondary…
Tissues and Primary Growth
Perenchyma
Cell wall is thin
some- function at dying
stamens and fruit
release pollen/seeds
large spaces diffuse gasses in leafs
forms in middle lamella decomposes
cells release via neighbors formed by degeneration
TISSUES
Mass of cells
Soft parts
most common
soft leaves, petals, fruits, seeds
metabolically live after maturing
CHLORENCHYMA
GLANDULAR
TRANSFER CELLS
is capable of large molecular transport
increase surface area
knobs,ridges, ingrowths on inner wall
plasma membrane hold many molecular pumps
mediate short distance transport
large material
elevated amounts DICTOSOMES & ER
contain few chloroplast
secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins, oil
pigmented cells
flower petals and fruit
must have perenchyma
pigment in protoplasm
photosynthesis
thin walls
conducts long distance nutrients (PHLOEM)
Collenchyma
primary wall-thin
some areas thick
Like GRAPES
plastisity
deformation by tension
retains new shap
present-elongated shoot tips
like VINING PLANTS
under epidermis
bands @ vascular bundles
tips are strong
can continue to elongate
require ++GLUCOSE
can absorb H2O
External Organization of Stem
nodes
internodes
leaf axil
axillary bud
bud scales
terminal bud
phyllotaxy
stolons
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arrangement of leaves
extreme tip of stem
corky-wax=protection of internal organs
mini shoot, dormant apical meristem
above leaf attachment
region between nodes
leaves attach
Sclerenchyma
primary wall
thick secondary wall
(LIGNIFIED)
elastic walls
can deform
returns original shape
DEVELOP from PARENCHYMA
after maturation of parenchyma cell++ growth
support plant strength
++H2O prevents protoplast expansion
rigidity=Bad Growth/Shoot Tips
1)FIBERS
"Conducting"
LONG latter type subdivides
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2)SCLEREIDS
SHORT
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Internal Organization of Stem
Epidermis
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single outer layer
cutin
cuticle
guard cell
stromatal pore
STOMA
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trichomes
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water retention
fatty substance- water impremeable
Cortex
interior to epidermis
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Vascular Tissue
xylem
conducts water & mineral
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conducting cells
tracheids
refers to both cells
annular thickenings
helical thickings
scalariform thickening
reticulate thickening
circular borbered pits
border
pit membrane
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vessel elements
phloem
distributes sugar & minerals
sieve cells
"seive element"
sieve tube members
sieve pores
seive areas
sieve tube
sieve plates
albuminous cells
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Vascular Bundles
pith
collateral
primary xylem
primary phloem
interior to corxtex
STEM GROWTH
apical meristem
subapical meristem
protoxylem
metaxylem
protophloem
metaphloem
protoderm
provascular tissues
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primary tissue
tissue produced at apical meristem
primary growth
result growth from apical meristem
