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Cell (Organelles (Lysosomes (Contains digestive enzymes to help break food…
Cell
Organelles
Lysosomes
- Contains digestive enzymes to help break food down
Mitochondria
- Produces energy through cellular respiation
- Powerhouse of the cell
Golgi apparatus
- Receives, sort and repackages proteins for export from the cell
- Enlarging the plasma membrane
- Lysosome formation
Peroxisomes
- Break down toxic substances
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Centrioles
- Involved in the process of mitosis-separation of chromosomes
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Intermediate filaments
- Stable
- Connected to desmosomes
Microfilaments
- Can produce movement
- Break down and build up
- To change shape of plasma membrane
Microtubules
- Build up and break down
- Have lumen
Endocytosis
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Phagocytosis
- Cell eating; they eat the body's body dead and diseased cells
- Some cells-most white blood cells, for example- are experts at phagocytosis.
- Help to police and protect the body by ingesting bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances
Nucleus
Components
of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
- Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm
- regulated passage of substances to and from the nucleus
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Chromatin
- DNA constitutes the genes
- Surrounded by the nuclear envelope
- Contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin
Cytoplasm
- Cell-forming material
- Lies internal to plasma membrane
and external to the nucleus
- Most cellular activities are carried
out in the cytoplasm
Major elements
Inclusions
- Temporary structures in the cytoplasm
- Pigments, crystals of protein, and food stores
Organelles
- Small of cell that performs a certain function
Cytosol
- Jellylike, fluid-containing substance
- Contain of water, irons, and many enzymes
- Makes up about half the volume of the cytoplasm
Cell membrane
- Make up of a double layer of lipids
- Barrier, involved in transport of
substances in/out of cell
Membrane transpot
Facilitated diffusion
- Movement down a concentration
gradient until equilibrium is reached
- Require a protein to move larger
molecules (glucose), charged particles
Active transport
- Movement against a
concentration gradient
- Requires a protein
- Requires cellular energy
Simple diffusion
- Movement down a concentration gradient
oxygen, carbon oxide, lipid soluble,
and uncharged particles
- Requires no-cellular energy
Cells
- The smallest living
units in the body
General function
- Obtain nutrients
- Use these nutrients to
make the molecules to survive
- Dispose of its wastes
- Maintain its shape and integrity
- Replicate itself
Exocytosis
- An active mechanism by which substances
move from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell.
- Accounts for most secretion processes such as the release of mucus or protein hormones from
the gland cells of the body