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Biomolecules (Proteins → A biologically functional molecule made up of one…

- - - - Results in them being used again and again
  - - - Four partners are: Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and variable group (R)
        
        R = the side chain, differs with each amino acid
  - - - Hydrophobic Interaction → exclusion of of non-polar substances by water molecules
    - - Repeatedly Coiled and folded polypeptide chains that result hydrogen bonds between the polypeptide backbone
      - Oxygen have slight negative charge
      - Hydrogen atoms attached to nitrogen atoms have slight positive charge
      - Type of structure is alpha helix → a delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every fourth amino acid
      - Type of Structure is Beta Sheet → two or more segments of the polypeptide chain lying side by side are connected by hydrogen bonds between the the two parallel segments of the polypeptide backbone
    - - its sequence of amino acids
      - The order of everything
      - This determines Secondary and Tertiary structures
    - - Collagen
- - - - Consists of:
        
        Guanine (G)
        
        Cytosine (C)
        
        Thymine (T)
        
        Adenine (A)
      - Genetic material inherited from parents
    - - Passed along to the next generations
      - More then just the DNA doing everything
  - - - Same bases as DNA, however add Uracil (U) and subtract Thymine (T)
  - - - Nitrogenous Base
        
        One or two rings that include nitrogen atoms
        
        Pyrimidine → Six membered ring fused to a five member ring
        
        Adenine (A)
        
        Guanine (G)
        
        Purines → One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides characterized by a six membered ring
        
        Cytosine (C)
        
        Thymine (T)
        
        Uracil (U)
      - Five Carbon sugar (Penthouse) (Nucleoside Monophosphate)
        
        Sugars: DNA = Deoxyribose (Lacks and oxygen atom on the second ring), RNA = Ribose
      - One to three phosphate groups
        
        Two phosphate groups are lost during the polymerization process
        
        Without any phosphate groups its called a nucleoside
- - - - Nutrients for Cells
  - - - Glucose
      - Fructose
    - - In Milk
    - - In Beer
  - - - Starch
    - - Cellulose
      - Chitin (Help build Exoskeletons)
- - - - Glycerol
        
        Three fatty acid molecules join with a glycerol by an ester linkage to form a Triacylglycerol
      - Fatty Acids
        
        Unsaturated Fats
        
        One or more double bonds with one fewer hydrogen atom on each double-bonded carbon
        
        Example: Plant and Fish fats: Cod liver oil & Olive Oil
        
        Almost all double bonds are cis
        
        Liquid at room temperature
        
        Saturated Fats
        
        No double bonds between carbon atoms using as many hydrogen atoms as possible
        
        Trans bonds
        
        Examples: Animal Fats → Lard and butter
        
        Solid at room temperature