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Chapter 5: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems. (External Organization…
Chapter 5: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems.
Concepts
Eudicots
Broadleaf Plants
Primary Plant Body
Herbaceous Body
Basal Angiosperms
Waterlillies, Magnolias, and laurels
Secondary Plant Body
Woody Body
Angiosperms
Flowering Plants
Herb
Plant that never becomes woody and covered with bark
Monocots
Grasses,lilies, cattails, palms, etc.
Basic Types of Cells and Tissues
Sclerenchyma
Thick primary and secondary walls
Collenchyma
Thick cell walls, requires lots of glucose
Parenchyma
Soft leaves, petals, fruits, and seeds
External Organization of Stems
leaf axil
stem area just above where leaves attach
axillary bud
dormant apical meristem
Internodes
regions inbetween nodes
bud scales
waxy modified leaves
terminal bud
extreme tip of stem
phyllotaxy
positioning of leaves so they don't cover one another
nodes
where leaves attach
stolons
runners
bulbs
short shoots with thick leaves
corms
papery leaves
Rhizomes
fleshy horizontal stems, bamboo
Tubers
stores nutrients, potatoes or onions
Internal Organization of Stems
Xylem
Conducts water and minerals
Phloem
distributes sugars and minerals
Vascular Tissues
Helps diffusion of sugars, carbon dioxide, etc.
Vascular Bundles
xylem and phloem together just interior to cortex
Cortex
Interior of epidermis
Epidermis
The outermost surface of the plant
Has guard cells and stomatal pore
Trichomes
hairs that elongate outward
Stem Growth and Differentiation
metaxylem
develops largest tracheary
protophloem
exterior cells
protoxylem
Can constitute the first xylem to appear
Metaphloem
cells closest to metaxylem
subapical meristems
region just below apical meristem also dividing cells
Apical meristems
new cells at the tip of stem
Protoderm
early epidermal cells
provascular tissues
young cells of xylem and phloem
ground meristem
young stages of pith and cortex
primary tissues
tissues produced by apical meristems
primary growth
growth and tisssue creation that results from apical meristem activity
