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CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION (MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM BY MEANS OF TISSUE GROWTH…
CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS BY MEANS OF REPRODUCTION
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM BY MEANS OF TISSUE GROWTH AND MAINTAINANCE
MEIOSIS CELL DIVISION
a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them
MEIOSIS I
METAPHASE I
pairs of homologous chromosome move to the equator of the cell
ANAPHASE I
homologous chromosome move to the opposite pole of the cel
l
PROPHASE I
the chromosome condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down, crossing over occurs
TELOPHASE I AND CYTOKINESIS
chromosome gather at the pole of the cell, the cytoplasm divides
MEIOSIS II
METAPHASE II
chromosomes line up at the equator
ANAPHASE II
centromeres divides, chromatids move to the opposite poles of the cell
PROPHASE II
a new spindles form around the chromosomes
TELOPHASE II AND CYTOKINESIS
a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, the cytoplasm divides
MITOSIS OR SOMATIC CELL DIVISION
One cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells during the process of mitosis.
INTERPHASE
S PHASE
the phase of the cell cycle when DNA packaged into chromosomes is replicated, Cell growth continues through S phase
G2 PHASE
a time for the cell to ensure that it is ready to proceed in the cell cycle, acting as a checkpoint along the cell cycle
G1 PHASE
the time between the end of cell division in mitosis and the beginning of DNA replication during S phase, cell grows for DNA replication, centromere replication occurs
MITOTIC PHASE
METAPHASE
third stage, chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage, chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell through a type of cellular "tug of war."
ANAPHASE
fourth stage, when replicated chromosomes are split and the daughter chromatids are moved to opposite poles of the cell. Chromosomes also reach their overall maximum condensation in late anaphase, to help chromosome segregation and the re-formation of the nucleus
.
PROPHASE
first stage, the condensation of the chromatin and the disappearance of the nucleolus
TELOPHASE
final stage, the sister chromatids reach opposite poles, The small nuclear vesicles in the cell begin to re-form around the group of chromosomes at each end, the effects of prophase and prometaphase are reversed
.
CYTOKINESIS
the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells. Cytoplasmic division begins during or after the late stages of nuclear division in mitosis
PROMETAPHASE
second stage, the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous "membrane vesicles", and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores.
