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Cells (Organelles
Quantities of each vary by type of cell
Each has a…
Cells
Organelles
- Quantities of each vary by type of cell
- Each has a specific function in the cell
Ribosomes
- Dense Small Particles
- Free or attached to the Rough ER
- Protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Makes Proteins for secretion from the cell
- Becomes part of the plasma membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Endoplasmic Reticulum with no Ribosomes attached
- Lipid and steroid hormone synthesis
- Lipid metabolism
Golgi Apperatus
- Packaging and sorting center of the cell
Lysosomes
- Membrane sacs of acid hydrolases
- Cell cleaning staff cleans up things no longer needed by the cell
Mitochondria
- Site of ATP synthesis
- Cell Power Plant
Peroxisomes
- Membrane sacs of enzymes
- Removes toxic substances from the cell
- All toxins broken down into Hydrogen Peroxide
Nucleus
- Control Center of the Cell
- Holds instruction manual for creating various proteins
- Sends genetic information
Nuclear Envelope
- Double Membrane bound
- Continuous with Rough ER
- Has pores for transport in and out of the nucleus
Nucleoli
- Dense Sphere
- No Membrane
- Ribosome manufacturing line
Chromatin
- Thread of Protein and DNA
Cell Infrastructure
Microfilaments
- Smallest
- Contractile Protein
- Involved in Cell Movement
Intermediate Filaments
- Second largest
- Protein fibers
- Makes the cell strong and resilient
Microtubules
- Tubulin Protein forming a cylinder strand
- Provides cell structure
- Used as a transport system in the cell
Centrioles
- Composed of Microtubules
- Used in the cell replication process
Plasma Membrane
Composition
- Phospholipid Bi-layer
- Embedded Proteins
Location
- Encloses cytoplasm, organelles and nucleus
Function
- Barrier
- Allows for transport into and out of the cell
Membrane Transport
Simple Diffusion
- Movement down concentration gradient
- No Energy Needed
- Lipid Soluble
- Uncharged Particles
Facilitated Diffusion
- Movement down concentration gradient
- Requires a Protein
- Larger Molecules
- Charged Particles
- Not lipid soluble
- No Energy Needed
Active Transport
- Requires Protein
- Energy Needed (ATP)
- Against concentration gradient
Cell Functions
Endocytosis
- Vesicle formed from the plasma membrane
- Take Substances into the cell
Pinocytosis
- Cell Drinking
- Non Selective
Receptor Mediated
- Selective
- Attaches to protein receptors from the plasma membrane
Phagocytosis
- Cell Eating (Engulfs the whole cell)
- Used for failing or end of life cells
- Used for eating harmful bacteria
Exocytosis
- Removes things from the cell through the plasma membrane
- Release of Hormones or Mucus
Cytoplasm
Composition
- Cytosol (Liquid Portion)
- Organelles
Location
- The area inside the plasma membrane and outside of the nucleus
Function
- Where most cell activities occur