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Cells (Organelles (Ribosome: dense particles that are free or attached to…
Cells
Organelles
Ribosome: dense particles that are free or attached to the rough ER; this is the site of protein synthesis.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: contains sacs and tubules; has ribosomes. Proteins are made here that are secreted from the membrane of the cell.
Smooth ER: also contains sacs and tubules, but free of ribosomes; this is the site of lipid and steroid hormone synthesis.
Golgi apparatus: contains a stack of smooth membrane sacs that are close to the ER; packages and modifies proteins for the secretion from the cell.
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Mitochondria: Rod-like, double membrane structure; this is the site of ATP synthesis which is the powerhouse of the cell.
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Major Components
Plasma Membrane: This is the barrier responsible for the transport of substances that go into and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm: This part of the cell is located inside the plasma membrane, just outside of the nucleus; this is where most of the activities of the cell occur.
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Cytoskeleton
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Intermediate filaments
Protein fibers that are permanent; these resist tension forces that act on the cell. (looks like a rope)
Microtubules
these are the largest, and are made of tubulin proteins; these support the cell and give it shape.
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Membrane Transport
Simple diffusion: no cell energy is required; moving from a area of greater concentration, to an area of lower concentration.(Osmosis) Ex: smaller uncharged particles such as carbon dioxide, water, and small lipid particles.
Facilitated diffusion: no cell energy is required; moving down a concentration gradient from greater to lesser; Ex: larger particles, charged particles, ions.
Active Transport: Cell energy is required! (ATP) moving against a concentration gradient; moves the particles out. Ex: a variety of substances can do this.
Cytoplasm & Cytosol
Cytoplasm is inside of the plasma membrane, outside of the nucleus.
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