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CELLS (Cytoplasm(major cell component) (Inclusions (stored nutrients and…
CELLS
Cytoplasm(major cell component)
Inclusions
stored nutrients and granules
Organelles
metabolic machinery
Cytosol
fluid containing dissolved solutes
most activities occur
Plasma membrane(major cell component)
Membrane transport
Facilitated diffusion
Move large,charged and lipid insoluble particles down a concentration gradient with integral proteins
Active transport
Moving particles against a concentration gradient using energy
Simple Diffusion
Move small, uncharged and lipid soluble particles down a concentration gradient
Bulk Transport
Move large macro molecules
Exocytosis
Vesicle forms. Its proteins bind with those of the plasma membrane. They twist and open up a pore for release of contents.
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis(Cell Drinking)
Unselective way of sampling extracellular fluid.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Selective transport process that involves the use of protein binding to enter cells
Phagocytosis( Cell eating )
Phagocyte engulfs an entire cell, cell debris or pathogen
Receptors help in message transmission
Barrier between watery exterior and interior
Cytoskeletal elements(Organelle)
Intermediate filaments
Resist forces and tension acting on cell ( Stable)
Microtubules
Support and give shape to the cell
Microfilaments
Muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movements
Endoplasmic reticulum (Organelle)
Rough
-Makes proteins -Makes the cell's membranes
Smooth
-Lipid and steroid hormone synthesis -Lipid metabolism -Drug detoxification
Nucleus(major cell component & organelle)
Control center of the cell -Transmitting genetic information -Providing instructions for protein synthesis
Nucleoli
Site of ribosome subunit manufacture
Chromatin
Location of DNA
Nuclear envelope
Separates the nucleoplasm from cytoplasm
Ribosomes(Organelle)
Site of protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus (Organelle)
-Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for a) secretion from cell b)inclusion in lysosomes c) incorporation into plasma membrane
Lysosome(Organelle)
Site of intracellular digestion
Mitochondria(Organelle)
Site of ATP synthesis "Powerhouse of the cell"
Peroxisome(Organelle)
Detoxify toxic substances