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Electricity and Magnetism (Electricity (Materials can become electrically…

- - - - ex. rubbing a balloon on your head, then sticking the balloon to the wall.
  - - - the area surrounding a particle that is capable of exerting push or pull with electric charge.
    - - (property) one object exerting force onto another without touching it; push and pull.
      - If an atom has an unequal amount protons and electrons, it has electric charge
      - same charge = repel, opposite charge = attract
    - - "is a buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge"
    - - if two uncharged objects of certain materials touch, electrons move between them and one gains a charge.
      - occurs when a material's electrons are more attracted to another one's.
    - - buildup of charge without direct contact
        
        produces temporary static charge
- - - - "Once it is built up, charge can stay where is it indefinitely. However, charge can also move to a new location."
      - attraction or repulsion are what moves charge
      - Electric Potential Energy
        
        "Potential energy is stored energy an object may have because of its position"
        
        energy from where a charged particle is in an electric field
      - Electric Potential
        
        "the amount of electric potential energy per unit change at a certain position in an electric field."
        
        measured in volts
        
        1 volt = one joule per coloumbe
      - Charge Movement
        
        some electric potential energy is used when a charge is used
        
        Moving charge transferring energy is displayed in when something is shocked
        
        shock happens because when two objects get closer together, the electric potential energy between them increases.
      - Lightning
        
        lightning is an escalated version of the shock that occurs between a hand and a doorknob. It is high-energy static discharge
        
        Charge Separation- particles collide, making charges, positive particles go up, negative go down
        
        Charge Buildup- induction makes negative charged particles repel the electrons on the ground, making them positive
        
        Static Discharge- electric potential/voltage builds up enough and charge gets strong enough, the negative charge is released. The discharge creates the flash and sound.
  - - - Conductors
        
        Materials that allow charge to run through them easily
        
        iron,steel, copper, and aluminum
      - Insulators
        
        do not really allow charge to go through
        
        Plastic, rubber
      - Superconductors
        
        materials with practically no resistance at extremely low temperatures
      - Grounding
        
        "Grounding means providing a harmless, low-resistance path- a ground- for electricity to follow"
        
        Used to protect buildings from lightning damage
    - - Electric Resistance= how easily a charge can move through something
      - Electrical resistance is measured in Ohms
      - Insulators have higher resitance
      - Also depends on amount and shape of material
      - Can take advantage to make electrical charges work
        
        materials with low resistance have little 'wasted' energy from this
- - - - Def: flow of charge
      - Characteristics: electricity used to supply energy in homes, schools, offices, etc.
    - - charge can only flow if it has a path from a point of higher potential to one of lower potential
      - charge flow is measures in amperes.
        
        1 amp= 1 coulomb per second
    - - Current=Voltage/Resistance I=V/R
      - Relationship between volts, ohms, and amps
    - - Volts, ohms, and amps are all measured with a multimeter
  - - - "Produces electric energy using the chemical or physical properties of different materials"
    - - produce energy through chemical reactions
      - made with two strips of different materials suspended in electrolyte
      - What batteries are made of
      - Storage cells
        
        Chemical reactions that can be reversed inside the cell
      - Primary cells
        
        Produce energy until 1+ chemicals are used up
    - - Made from materials that absorb energy from the sun
        
        produce energy by using the sun