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Diagnostic approaches in malaria (Serology (Indirect fluorescent antibody…
Diagnostic approaches in malaria
Microscopic test
Thin and thick blood smear
Plasmodium falciparum
Rings in thin blood smear
Gametocytes in thick blood smear
Trophozoite in thin blood smear
Schizont in thin blood smear
Plasmodium vivax
Amoeboid rings with Schuffner dots in thick blood smear
Gametocyte in thin blood smear
Amoeboid trophozoite in thin blood smear
Mature schizont in thin blood smear
Plasmodium ovale
Rings in fimbriated RBC in thin blood smear
Gametocyte in thin blood smear
Trophozoites in thin blood smear
Schizont in thick blood smear
Plasmodium malariae
Rings in thick blood smear
Gametocyte in thin blood smear
Bands form trophozoite in thin blood smear
Schizont in thin blood smear with rosette pattern of merozoite
Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)
Detecting specific malaria antigen in blood
Blood specimen collected from patient
Blood is applied on the test card along with certain reagents
Presence of specific band detected after 15 minutes which can identify the type of
plasmodium
in blood
Molecular diagnosis
Parasite nucleic acid detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
DNA is extracted from the blood specimens for PCR detection
Serology
Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Detect antibodies against malaria parasites
Screening blood donors in the case of transfusion-induced malaria
Testing patient in endemic areas with repeated or chronic malaria infection
Testing patient who had been recently treated for malaria
Species specific testing only available to the three out of four species
