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Ionic and Covalent Bonding (Ionic compound (Movement of ions (Free mobile…
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Ionic compound
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction exist between these ions
High energy is needed to overcome/break these forces of attraction (molten state)
Giant molecular structure
Low volatility
Cannot change into gas easily
High melting point
Electrical conductivity
Conduct electricity as there are free mobile ions that carry electrical current (both liquid/molten and aqueous state)
Movement of ions
Free mobile ions vibrate and slide past each other in molten state
Free mobile ions (aqueous)
Add water to the ionic compound which is in aqueous state to decociate them
Ionic compound does not conduct electricity in solid state as there are no free mobile ions that carry electrical current
Soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvent
Covalent substance
Weak intermolecular forces of attraction exist between the molecules
Low energy is needed to break these weak intermolecular forces of attraction
Simple molecular structure
Low melting point
High volatility
Does not conduct electricity as there are no free mobile ions that carry electrical current
Soluble in ethanol(organic solvent) but insoluble in water
Graphite
High melting and boiling point
Layers of carbon atoms are held togther by weak intermolecular forces of attraction
The strong covalent bonds between the carbon atoms are strong and difficult to break
Soft & slippery
The layers of carbon atoms are held losely by the weak intermolecular forces of attraction
They slide over each other when a force is applied
Conductor of electricity
1 carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 carbon atoms
1 carbon atom is not used for bonding
These valance electrons form free mobile electrons that carry electrical current, while moving along the layers.
Diamond
Hard
1 carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms
These bonds are extensive throughout the structure
Thus,it is strong and dificult to break making it hard
Does not conduct electricity
All carbon atoms are covalently bonded to one another
There are no free valence electrons that carry electrical current and move throughout the structure
High melting and boiling point
Strong covalent bond that is extensive throughout the structure
High energy is needed to break the forces of attraction
Silicon(IV) oxide
Non-conductor of electricity
All the carbon atoms are used to form the covalent bond
There are no free mobile electrons that carry electrical current and move throughout the structure
High melting and boiling point
Giant molecular structure
Strong covalent bond is extensive throughout the structure between the oxyegn and silicon atoms**
Hard
Each silicon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral structure
Each oxygen atom in covalently bonded to 2 other silicon atoms
The strong covalent bond is extensive throughout the structure