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Diagnosis (DSM-IV, Provides guidelines for making decisions about…
Diagnosis
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A clear, reliable system for classifying a wide range of disorders
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Axis 1- clinical disorders
Axis 2- personality disorders & intellectual disabilities
Axis 3- general medical conditions
Axis 4- psychosocial & environment problems
Axis 5- global assessment of functioning
Disadvantages:
- Relies too heavily on medical model
- Unfairly labels people
- Culturally biased
Advantages:
- Careful, complete description of symptoms
- Standardisation of diagnosis and treatment
- Facilitating communication between patients and professionals
- Valuable education tool
- When a behaviour appears to deviate from acceptable social norms
- Can vary between cultures
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Clinicians rely on a variety of criteria for diagnosis:
- deviance to norms
- statistically infrequent in the population
- maladaptive behaviour
- personal distress
- causes anger or distress to self or others
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- Uncommon behaviour- a significant deviation from the average/ majority
- Many human characteristics are normally distributed e.g. intelligence
- Low level= unusual
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- The persons behaviours and thoughts are unhappy and abnormal
- Reports feelings of pain and suffering to friends, family and professionals
- Prevailing cultural values
- Social trends
- Political forces
- Scientific knowledge
- Diagnosis is laden with value judgements
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- Everyday behaviour is impaired- inhibits a persons ability to adjust to a particular situation
- Behaviour is becoming increasingly dysfunctional to:
. Individual
. Socially
. And/ or occupationally
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