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animal cell (Plasma membrane (Bulk transport (Endocytosis is bringing a…
animal cell
Plasma membrane
It is build from phospholipid bilayer composed of proteins and lipids. It is a selectively permeable barrier involved in transport in and out of the cell.
Membrane transport types:
- simple diffusion ( movement down concentration gradient that doesn't require energy- osmosis)
- facilitated diffusion ( movement down concentration gradient that doesn't require energy but requires a protein- transport of glucose)
- active transport (movement against concentration gradient that requires energy and a protein- for large and charged molecules)
Bulk transport
Endocytosis is bringing a substance from outside inside a cell by forming a vacuole. Types of endocytosis are:
- Pinocytosis (non-selective cell drinking)
- Receptor mediated endocytosis (receptor proteins on the cell surface are used to capture specific molecule)
- Phagocytosis ("cell eating"- cell membrane wraps around bacteria and pinches off.)
Exocytosis is discharging of a larger material from a cell by fusion of a vacuole membrane that contain unwanted molecules with cell membrane.
Cytoplasm
Material within a cell between plasma membrane and nucleus. It consist of cytosol and organelles. Most cellular activities occur here.
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Nucleus
It consists of nuclear envelope (double membrane with pores), nucleolus (dense spherical body that manufactures ribosomes) and chromatin(threadlike material that us composed from DNA and histone proteins). It's function is transmitting genetic information and providing instructions about protein synthesis.
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Golgi Apparatus
A stuck of smooth membrane sacks close to Endoplasmic Reticulum. Its function is to modify, sort and package protein for secretion from a cell. It is also involved in making lysosomes and lipid transport around a cell.
Lysosomes
Membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes. It is "garbage collector" because it kills pathogens and destroy dying cells.
Mitochondria
It is build from a double membrane- inner one folds into projections called cristae. It is a powerhouse of the cell because ATP synthesis takes place in mitochondria.
Peroxisomes
Membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes. It detoxify a number of toxic substance and breaks down hydrogen peroxide