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Cells (Plasma membrane (Simple membrane transport (Require no cellular…
Cells
Plasma membrane
- Barrier that allows transportation of some substances in / out of cell (proteins and carbohydrates are found here).
- Phospholipid bilayer and proteins
- Proteins act as receptors transmitting info from outside out of the cell
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Facilitated diffusion
- Requires no cellular energy
- Movement down a concentrated membrane until equilibrium is reached
Active transport
- Requires cellular energy
- Movement against a concentrated gradient
Nucleus
- Nuclear envelope like plasma membrane
- Control center (DNA) for metabolism and cell reproduction
- Provides instructions for creating proteins
- Contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin
Nuclear envelope
- Double membrane structure
- Continuous with cytoplasmic ER
- Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm
- Regulates passage of substances to / from the nucleus
Nucleoli
- Dense spherical (non-membrane) structure
- Site of ribosomes manufacture
Chromatin
- Granular threadlike material of DNA and histone proteins
- DNA constitutes the genes
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis "drinking"
- Non-selective
- Requires a protein
-
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Golgi complex
- Receives, sorts, and re-packages proteins
- Export from the cell
- Lysosome formation
- Enlarging the plasma membrane
- Stack of smooth membrane sacs close to ER
Exocytosis
- Sends things out of the cell
- e.g. goblet cells
Cytoplasm
- Cellular activities occur here
- Organelles are found here
- Between the nucleus and membrane
- Cytosol + organelles = cytoplasm
Ribosomes
- Composed of RNA and protein
- Protein synthesis occurs here
Lysosomes
- Sacs contains enzymes (break down biological waste)
- Intracellular digestion occurs here
Mitochondria
- Rodlike
- Double-membrane structure
- Converts carbohydrates to ATP
- ATP synthesis occurs here
- Powerhouse of the cell
Organelles
- Small part of cell that performs certain function
- Free or attached to ER
- Dense particles
Peroxisomes
- Sacs of oxidase enzymes
- Breaks down toxic substances
Microfilaments
- Deep to the plasma membrane
- Contractile protein actin (produces movement)
- Intracellular movement
- Helps form cell's cytoskeleton
- Can break down and build up
Intermediate filaments
- Tough protein fibers
- Connected to desmosomes
- Resists tension forces on the cell
Microtubules
- Hollow cylindrical tubulin protein
- Contains a lumen
- Supports cell by giving it shape
- Intracellular / cellular movement
- Forms centrioles
- Build up and brake down
Centrioles
- Cylindrical bodies composed of microtubules
- Involved in the process of mitosis (separation of chromosomes)
- Form bases of cilia and flagella
Phagocytosis
- Cell eating
- Engulfs dying cell to reuse its parts