Cells
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ctyosol
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Golgi Aparatus
Peroxisomes
Plasma Membrane
Barrier of inside and outside of cell, transport of substances in and out of the cell. Made of phospholipids bilayer (semipermeable/ polar head and non-polar tail) controlling what enters and leaves cell. May also act as a receptor, receiving chemical messages from outside of cell.
Inside of plasma membrane and outside of nucleus, organelles are found here. Place where most activity occurs
Control center of the cell. Place of genetic material (DNA) and protein synthesis. Surrounded by nuclear envelope, contains nucleoplasm, nucleoli and chromatin
Membrane Transports
Simple Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
movement of fat soluble molecules from high to low concentration (though phospholipid bilayer) *no cell energy required
Diffusion of water (from greater concentration to lesser, through plasma membrane)
Protein embedded in plasma membrane that enables substances to be actively pumped from inside to the outside of the cell against the concentration gradient. (ATP is required)
Protein embedded in plasma membrane that enables larger and/or charged particles, not lipid soluble into cell. (from greater to lesser concentration)
Ribosomes
Dense particles, free or attached to the Rough ER that is the site of protein synthesis
Jellylike fluid containing substance consisting of water, ions and enzymes. About half the volume of cytoplasm.
Membrane system of sacs and tubules, containing ribosomes. Makes proteins that are secreted from the cell's membranes.
Membrane system of sacs and tubules, w/o ribosomes. Site of lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, lipid metabolism, drug detox
Stack of smooth membrane sacs near ER (close to nucleus) Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell.
Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes, detoxifies many substances, contains catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
Membranous sacs containing enzymes, breaks down bio material (intracellular digestion)
Rodlike double membrane structure, site of ATP synthesis, power house of the cell
Cytoskeletal Elements
Microtubules ( largest, has a lumen, gives cell shape, can transport vesicles form centrioles)
Microfilaments (smallest, protein:actin, can change cell shape, muscle contractions)
Intermediate Filaments (connected to desmosomes, from inside cell, PERMANENT)
Centrioles
Nine triplets of microtubules, forms spindle and asters during mitosis - microtubule network
Exocytosis
Vesicle forms inside the cell, moves to cell membrane, links with proteins, twists, and material in vesicle exists cell. Ex) Secretion, Goblet cells letting mucus out
Endocytosis
Vesicle forms and takes in material from outside of the cell
Pinocytosis: "Cell drinking" non selective, takes in anything (nutrient absorption)
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis: Proteins have a binding site for certain molecules, selective, substance bonds with protein
Phagocytosis: "Cell Eating" (white blood cells) engulfs entire cell or cell debris or a pathogen (bacteria)
Membrane Transports
Contains Nuclear envelope (regulates passage in and out of nucleus), nucleoli (site of ribosome subunit manufacture), chromatin (DNA comp.)