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A CELL (Organelles (Nucleus (Nuclear envelope (Double membrane structure.
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A CELL
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Exocytosis
- Contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of vacuole membrane with cell membrane.
- Process:
Vesicles are transported to cell membrane.
Vesicle membrane attaches to cell membrane.
Fusion of vesicle membrane with cell membrane releases the vesicle contents outside the cell.
Organelles
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Ribosome
- Small dense particles; free or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- Sites of protein systhesis.
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Lysosome
- Filled with enzymes (digest cellular components).
- Breakdown, biological cell parts.
Mitochondria
- Rodlike, double membrane structure.
- Site of ATP synthesis, powerhouse of cell.
Peroxisome
- Bag full of enzymes.
- Breakdown toxic substance.
Microfilaments
- Protein actin.
- Near plasma membrane to change the shape of plasma membrane.
- Breakdown and build up.
- Produce movement.
Intermediate filaments
- Protein fibers.
- Stable cytoskeletal elements (permanent - connected to desmosomes).
Microtubules
- Tubulin protein.
- Build up and breakdown.
- Have lumen.
Centrioles
- Composed of microtubules.
- Involved in the process of mitosis - separation of chromosomes.
- Organize microtubules during mitosis.
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
- Double membrane structure.
- Separates nucleoplasm form cytoplasm.
- Regulates passage of substances.
Nucleolus
- Non-membrane-bounded.
- Creates ribosome.
Chromatin
- Granular, composed of DNA and histone proteins.
- DNA constitutes the genes.
Nuclear pore
- Allows the transport of molecules across the nuclear envelope.
Endocytosis
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Phagocyctosis
- A cell (phagocyte) eats a solid particle to form an internal compartment (phagosome).
Pinocytosis
- Vesicle is formed in plasma membrane.
- Non-selective.
- Requires no protein.