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Islamic History By Miya Takahashi (Achievements (Medicine (Hayat Sindi…
Islamic History
By Miya Takahashi
Empires
Umayyads
Family gained power
661
Hereditary System of Succession
Father to son
Moved the capital
Damascus in Syria
Muslims upset
Capital was too far
From Islam's heartland
Medina
Made Islam split
Accepted the rules
Sunni
Ones that disagreed
Shi'ite
Belive only Muhhamad's family can rule
Expanded the empire
Made a Bureaucracy
Specialized departments
Divided into provinces
Governed by Muslim rulers
Postal service connected them
Strong army kept order
Abbasid
Rival Clan
Descendants of Muhammad's Uncle
Took control
Non Arabs and Shi'ites
Supported Abbasid
Moved capital
Baghdad
Central Iraq
Ruled in a golden age
Caliphs were isolated
Built a huge army
relying on Turkish mercenaries
Seljuk Turks
Converted to Islam
Controled government
1258
Mongols from Central Asia invaded
Stormed Baghdad
Killing the last caliph
Ottoman
Turkish Muslims
Captured Byzantine cities
Ending Byzantine
Capturing Constantinople
Renamed Istanbul
Ottoman's Capital
Center of Government
1453
Rulers are Sultans
Suleyman I
The greatest Sultan
Ruled Ottoman Empire
During its height of power and grandeur
1520 to 1566
Led powerful navy
Well equiped army
Guns and cannons
Safavid
Shi'ite Dynasty
Rivals of Sunni Ottomans
Fought long war
Lasted 100+ years
Battled over control
Fertile Plains
Safavid gained and lost control
Arose in 1501
Ismail
Youthful leader
United Persian Kingdoms
Turned to an independent state
Expanded Persia's Borders
Invading Ottoman land
Declined due to weak shahs
1722
Afghan warriors invaded
resulting in downfall
Strong Economy
Used money for architecture
Esfahan was the capital
Beautiful city
Mughal
nomads from Central Asia
Invaded India
1526
Mughal leader named Babur
Mughal leader named Babur
stretched across almost the entire subcontinent
1556
Akbhar The Great
Leader at 13
Led Muslim India
Golden Age
Stabilized the empire
Governing class
Effective modern government
Different religions welcomed
Flourished
Attempted to create religion
Mixed Muslim and Hindu
1628 to 1658
Peak of Empire
Famous for its luxuries
Collecting valuable jewels
Indian Art
Taj Mahal
Build for his wife
White Marble
Akbhar's Grandson
Shah Jahan
Achievements
Mathematics
Muslim Scholars revived interest
Developed ideas in math
Geometry, trignometry, decimal
World's Standard Number System
Astronomy
Constructed observatories
Plotting movement of stars
Helped calculate dates
helped religous ceremonies
Advanced navigation
Medicine
Advanced world practices
Doctors collected best medical knowlage
Organized into books
Books spread
Helped others with medical practice
Provided a basis for medical treatment
most advanced in its time
Built many hospitals
Followed the Qur'an
instructions to care for sick
Hayat Sindi
Promoted a medical device
Benefited the poor
Affordable
Easy to use
Small piece of paper
Changing color to signify medical conditons
Early diagnosis
To be treated early
Co invented
Helped millions
Passion for science
Leaving Saudi Arabia
Moved to England for privileges
Self taught English
Science at King's Collage
Along with many other Universities
Architecture
Beautiful buildings
Mosques
Displaying different features
Topped with minarets
Extremely tall
Slender towers
Displayed importance
Prayer hall
Under the dome
Large open area
Made to be spacious
Lots of light
Well decorated
indicated the direction of Mecca
Calligraphy
2 more items...
Arabseque
Literature
Signifigant work
Qur'an
Greatest literary work in Islam
Arabic language
Best known
Thousand and One Nights
Collection of Stories
About India, Persia, and Arabia
Well known characters
Aladdin and Sinbad the Sailor
Poetry
Most admired form
4 line rhyming poem
Quatrain
Khayyam
1048-1131 life
Wrote
The Rubayat of Omar Khayyam
Masterpiece of Literature
Art
Cultural influences
Values and teachings of Islam
Interprets the Qur'an
Geometric and floral
Mihrab
Archway in mosques
1300s
Mosaic
Colorful tiles
Calligraphy
Arabesque
Caftan
long garment
Belonged to Bayezid II
Sultan from 1481-1512
tile
Floral patterns
Stained glass
Used in mosques
Colorful and Geometric
Calligraphy
Used in Qur'an
Elegant form of writing
Ceramic Plate
Decorated plates
Geometric pattern
Religion
Beliefs and Laws
Qur´an
Holy book of Islam
Contains flawless words
Revealed to Muhammed
By angel Gabriel
Only one god
All Muslims must worship
God
Creator
Merciful and compassionate
Judge individuals for their actions
Good or bad
Sending them to heaven or hell
Final judgment day
Teaches behavior
Promoting charity
Forbids gambling and alcohol
Wash before prayer
Doesn't explain how
Sunna explains
How Muhammed washed
Must carefully follow
Final book
Sunna
Attributed to Muhammad
Used words and actions
Written by followers
Relied by Muslims
To guide them
Forms basis law
Called the shari'a
Comprehensive
Covers human behavior
Family life
Community life
Moral Conduct
Worship
Buisness
Everyday practices
Five Pillars of Islam
Alms
Charity
Donate portion of wealth
For the poor
Fasting
No eating/drinking
Only between dawn and sunset
Ramadan
Islamic holy moth
Prayer
5 times a day
Faces towards Mecca
Pilgrimage
Preform the haji
pilgrimage to Mecca
At least once in a lifetime
Worship
Faith
Testify to a statement
Only one God
Muhammad is the God's Prophet
Observers
1.5 billion
Muslims
Preforn everyday practice
Five Pillars of Islam
Beginnings
Arabia
Oasis city
Started major religion
600s
Founder
Muhammad
Prophet
Inspired by God
Born into ruling family
Mecca
570
Reputation
Intelligence, honesty, kindness
Worked as trader
For a wealthy widow
For merchant named Khadijah
Very impressed
Married Muhammad
Deep interest in religion
Retreats to a cave
In Mecca
Prays
40
First religious experience
Heard a voice
5 more items...
613
Preach to one God
Abraham
Worshiped and obeyed
Leadership
Threatened Mecca's leaders
Leaders made their life hard
Muhammad's
Muhammad's Followers
Fled toYathrib
Hijrah
622
Muhammad's flight
Beginning of the Muslim calendar
Later named Medina
Support traditional religion
Pilgrimage center
Polytheistic Arabs
Leads Medina
Umma
Islamic community
Loyalty
Umma > Tribes
United tribes
Certain tribes disapproved
630
Conquered Mecca
Removed idols at Ka'aba
Shrine to God
632
Muhammad died
Muslim state almost collapsed
No successor named
Disagreed over leader choosing
Abu Bakr
Father in law
Caliph
Follows Muhammad's example
Religious, political, military leader
Ruled for 2 years
2 more items...
Arab tribes joined umma
