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Physics P2 (Current voltage graphs (Connect circuit like so image, Ensure…
Physics P2
Current voltage graphs
Connect circuit like so 
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Components
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Fixed resistor - Restricts or limits the flow of electrical current, resistance does not change
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Thermistor - High resistance at low temperature, low resistance at high temperature
Light-dependent resistor - High resistance at low light, low resistance at high light
Semiconductor diode - Allows current to float in only one direction, converts alternating current to direct current
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Plugs
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Outer insulation - All 3 wires in the cable bundled together with extra plastic insulation for safety
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Neutral wire - Copper wire coated with blue plastic that connects cable to wall and completes circuit
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Electric Fields
Charged objects have an electric field, which shows how they interact with other charged particles
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The closer the arrows on a diagram are, the stronger the field, which means charges experiences greater forces and the field is stronger closer to the object
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Uniform field - When field lines are parallel and go from a positive charged plate to a negative charged plate
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Static electricity
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Example - Rubbing a cloth with a acetate rod, cloth now has negative charge due to removal of electrons from the rod via friction. If the rod is of polythene then the cloth gains electrons
Charged objects showcase attraction and repulsion e.g. a charged rod will pick up pieces of paper, charged balloon will stick to the wall, a charge rod can pull a stream of water to it
Charged objects attract and repel, e.g. if a rod is negative, it attracts the protons in a neutral object and repels the electrons
Van de Graaff generators
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Someone touching the generator will lose electrons and become positively charged, each hair becomes positively charged and they repel which is why they stick out
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Parallel circuit rules
Electrical components connected alongside each other, where extra loops are formed
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Current
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AC - On a voltage time graph it would be a curve alternating between positive and negative voltage, which indicates the directions
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Examples of Static
Photocopier
- Copying plate is given a charge
- An image of the page to be copied is projected onto the now charged coming plate
- Where light hits the page the charge leaks away, leaving a pattern of the page
- Black ink powder is attracted to the charged parts of the plate
- Paper is heated so the powder melts and stick to the paper
- Black ink powder is transferred onto a piece of paper
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Smoke precipitator
- Waste gases enter through a charged grid and the ash and dust gain a charge.
- Charged ash and dust are attracted to the oppositely charged plates
- Gas is now clean as ash and dust particles are attracted to plates
- Plates are taken off and replaced with new ones while being cleaned