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Islam (Legacy/achievements (Literature (The Thousand and One Nights (well…
Islam
Legacy/achievements
Philosophy
Architechture
mosques
had a dome
had minarets
tall, slender towers
designed to
dominate the skyline
call attention
prayer hall
mihrab
decorated archway
direction of Mecca
had calligraphy and arabesque
Literature
Qur’an
The Thousand and One Nights
well-known characters
Aladdin
Sinbad the Sailor
poetry
quatrain
made by Omar Khayyám
The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám
four-line rhyming poem
Mathematics
revived interest in
developed their ideas
trigonometry
algebra
geometry
decimal number system
Science
Astronomy
plotted movement of stars
advantage for navigation
dates for ceremonies
Medicine
collected medical knowledge
basis for treatments
al-Zahrawi
wrote encyclopedia
in-depth descriptions for surgeries
treatments for illnesses
invented surgical instruments
Ibn Rushd
wrote books on medicine
Aristotle and Plato
harmonize their ideas
studied them
kept their ideas alive
Religion
The Five Pillars
Faith
Only one god(Allah)
Prophet Muhammad
Prayer
5 times daily
towards Mecca
Charity
Fasting
Ramadan
no food/drink
daylight hours
Pilgrimmage
to Mecca
once in life
Qur'an
only one god
words of Allah
how to behave
don't drink
don't gamble
charity is good
teaches that Allah
is merciful
is compassionate
is the creator
is the only god
founder
Muhammad
prophet
speaker of god(Allah)
Born 570 CE
wife is Khadijah
died __
merchant
wealthy
trader
Sunna
Muhammad's
words
actions
written by followers
observers
1.5 billion
called Muslims
Empires
Umayyads
hereditary system of succession
father to son
moved capital
to Damascus, Syria
split Islam
Sunni
accepted Umayyad rule
Shi'ite
still remains today
bureaucracy
expanded empire
created provinces
connected by postal service
Abbasids
overthrew Umayyads
descendants of Muhammad's uncle
moved capital
Baghdad, Iraq
golden age
caliphs isolated from people
advisers used force
huge army
relied on mercenaries
Mongols killed caliph
Ottoman
Suleyman I
leader
also called a sultan
led
powerful navy
large army
had canons and guns
poet
goldsmith
capital
Constantinople
changed to Istanbul
religious freedom
special slaves
government and army
elite status
rich and powerful
janissaries
trained soildiers
young boys
from non-Muslim villages
Safavid
Ismail
expanded Persia's borders
king(shah)
united Persian kingdoms
rivals with Ottoman
fought long war
against Ottoman
for Mesopotamia’s plains
100 years long
center of trade routes
strong economy
built many buildings
capital of Esfahan
160 mosques
270 public baths
spread Shi’ite Islam
Mughal
rulers
Babur
conquered India
Akbar the Great
king at 13 years old
led to a golden age
established
loyal governing class
effective modern government
Shah Jahan
collected precious jewels
exported Indian art
commissioned the Taj Mahal