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Cells (Cytoplasmic
Organelles
Small part of the cell that performs a…
Cells
Cytoplasmic
Organelles
Small part of the cell that performs a certain function.
Each has a different function that is essential to the survival of the cell.
Ribosomes
Structure:
Small, dense particles. Free or attached to rough ER.
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Mitochondria
Structure:
Bean-shaped, double-membranous structures.
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Peroxisomes
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Function:
The enzymes detoxify a large number of toxic substances. The most important enzyme, catalase, breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
Golgi Apparatus
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Function:
Receives, sorts, and repackages proteins for export from the cell, enlarging the plasma membrane, and lysosome formation.
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Nucleus
Surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Contains fluid nucleoplasm, nucleoili, and chromatin.
Control center of cell. Transmits genetic information and provides the instructions for protein synthesis.
Nucleoli
Structure:
Dense, spherical (non-memebrane-bounded) bodies.
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Chromatin
Structure:
Granular, threadlike material composed of DNA and histone proteins.
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Nuclear envelope
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Function:
Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus.
Membrane Transport
Facilitated diffusion
Movement down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached.
Larger molecules (e.g. glucose), charged particles, those not soluble in lipids
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Simple diffusion
Movement down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached.
Small, uncharged molecules.
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Cytoskeleton
Elaborate network of rods running throughout the cytosol. Supports cellular structures and generates various cell movements.
Microfilaments
Structure:
Concentrate most heavily just deep to plasma membrane.
Fine filaments/strands of the contactile protein actin.
Function:
Involved in muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movement.
Helps form the cell's cytoskeleton.
Intermediate filaments
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Function:
The stable cytoskeletal elements- Permanent. Links adjacent cells together by attaching to specific cell junctions called desmosomes.
Resist tension forces acting on the cell.
Microtubules
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Function: Support cell and give it shape. Involved in intracellular and cellular movements. Forms centrioles.
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