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Peace Treaties of 1919-23 (Treaty of St Germain (Austria) (Military (Army…
Peace Treaties of 1919-23
Treaty of St Germain (Austria)
Pay reparations
Become a republic
Land
Empire broken up
Land redistributed to form succession states
Much industry went to Czechoslovakia
Lost land to Poland and Italy
Military
Army restricted to 30,000
Conscription abolished
No union with Germany
Reduce armaments / disarm / lose military strength
Accept responsibility for losing the war
Treaty of Trianon (Hungary)
Land
Lost 70% of land area
Empire broken up
3Mn Hungarians ended up in other states -- one third of population
Much industry and raw materials lost
Pay reparations
Economy so weak that she never did
Army reduced to 35,000
Hand over war criminals
Treaty of Neuilly (Bulgaria)
Pay reparations
Lost land to Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia
Lost access to the sea
Treated less harshly than others due to small role played in the war
Treaty of Sèvres (Turkey)
Military
50,000 soldiers
Seven sloops
Six torpedo boats
No conscription
Land
Empire broken up
Lost control of straits connecting Mediterranean and Black Sea
Dardanelles Strait to become international waterway
Danzig
Was a thriving German sea port
Would lose it to Poland
Poland needed sea port for external trade
Population was mainly German
Cause great resentment if handed over to Poland
Put under League of Nations control
Impact of Treaties on Central and Eastern Europe
Creation of new countries
Czechoslovakia
Has a wide range of nationalities
Has some industrial areas of Austro-Hungarian Empire
Economically strong
Poland
Barrier to communist expansion
Watchdog on Germany
No natural barriers (rivers, mountains etc.)
Vulnerable to attack by Germany and Russia
30% of population Russian or German
Resented by Germany for being given the Polish Corridor
Yugoslavia
Serbia + Former states of Austo-Hungarian Empire
Large and powerful state
Bring stability to the Balkans
Similarities
Had to accept break up of Empires
Austro-Hungarian
Ottoman
German colonies
Military reduced
Army
Conscription abolished
Navy
Land lost
Creation of new countries
Given to existing countries
Lost access to the sea
Pay Reparations
Accept War responsibility