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Structures and Functions of the Brain (Divisions of the Nervous system…
Structures and Functions of the Brain
Divisions of the Nervous system
Simple divisions of the nervous system
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of - Brain, Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord - Transmits sensory information and motor messages
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Somatic
Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles from info from sense organs
Transmits sensory information from received from sensory receptor cells to the CNS, transmits the motor messages from CNS to voluntary skeletal muscles.
Autonomic
Parasympathetic (CALMING)
Functions
Works to maintain and conserve energy
Takes over for normal day-to-day living and maintains normal bodily functions
Examples
Stimulates digestion
Slows heartbeat
Contracts pupil
Sympathetic (AROUSING)
Functions
Arouses the body to perform, act and react
Manages the body in times of stress or threat
Examples
Inhibits digestion
Increases heartbeat
Stimulates secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
AUTOMATIC
Controls the self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
Transmits motor messages from brain to organs and glands in the body, activating them, and then sends any info about them back to the brain.
All of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
Transmits sensory information inwards (to brain), and transmits motor messages outwards (to outer nerves and muscles).
Definition - A system of networks of specialised cells that connect different parts of the body and brain to each other through electrochemical signals
The Brain
Structure and functions
Cortexes
Primary sensory/somatosensory cortex
Area of parietal lobe, receives and interprets sensory information from different parts of the body.
Primary Motor cortex
At rear of frontal lobe, directs skeletal muscles and controls voluntary movement.
Primary Visual cortex
At the base of the occipital lobe, registers, processes and interprets sensory information sent from the eye.
Primary Auditory cortex
Area of temporal lobe, registers and processes auditory information.
Cerebral cortex
A thin layer of tissue that forms the outer layer and surface of the brains cerebrum. Responsible for basic sensory and motor functions as well as higher processing.
Lobes
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Corpus Callosum
A thick band of nerve fibres in the middle of the brain that connects the left and right hemispheres and transfers information between hemispheres for processing.
Cerebellum
Structure attached to the rear of the brain which coordinates voluntary movement and balance.
Areas
Brocas Area
Wernickes Area
Cerebrum
Higher and developed processing, contains all of the brain other than the cerebellum.
Roger Sperry