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Anatomy notes 2018-2019 (Multiple Choice: 1.5-1.7 (Which of the following…

- - - - Chemical: The atom (is the least complex level, defined as the smallest particle of an element, atoms combine with other atoms to form...)
        Molecules (is a particle composed of 2 or more joined atoms, combine with other molecules to form...)
        Macro-molecules: (is a large molecule, they combine with other macro-molecules to form...)
        Organelles: (a small organ of a cell, which performs a particular function, organelles collectively compose...)
        
        Cells: the cell is defined as the basic unit of structure & function, this structure increases the surface area, allowing for the transport of more oxygen.
        (Some cells have all the machinery that they need to live, like the amoeba, a single-celled organism.
        
        TIssues: is defined as a group of similar cells that perform a specialized function.
        (Two or more tissues combine to form...)
        Organs: An organ is defined as a structure consisting of a group of tissues that perform a specialized function.
        (Two or more organs combine to form...)
        Organ system: an organ system is defined as a group of organs that act together to carry on a specialized function.
        (The 11 organ systems collectively form the...)
        Human organism: An organism is the most complex level of organization & is defined as an individual living thing.
  - - - Gross anatomy (Macroscopic anatomy)
        
        Surface: general form & superficial markings
        
        Regional: superficial & internal features (head,neck or trunk)
        
        Systematic: the 11 organ systems (nervous,respiratory, digestive)
        
        Microscopic Anatomy: structures that cannot be seen w/o magnification.
        
        Light microscope: cell structure
        
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  - - - Axial Portion: Head,Neck,Trunk
        
        Appendicular Portion: Arms & Legs
        
        Cranial Cavity: Brain Vertebral Canal: Spinal Cord Thoracic Cavity: Lungs,Mediastinum,thymus,heart,esophagus,trachea Abdominal cavity: Stomach,liver,spleen,gallbladder,small intestine, large intestine Pelvic Cavity: Urinary bladder, Internal reproductive, organs
- - - - muscular: locomotion & heat production 640 muscles or 320 pairs
        
        nervous: directing responses to stimuli CNS (brain & spinal cord) & PNS (sensory & motor nerves)
        
        endocrine:directing long-term changes (thymus, thyroid,kidneys,adrenals,pancreas,pineal,pituitary, gonads)
        
        circulatory/cardiovascular: internal transport of materials (heart blood, blood vessels, arteries, arterioles,capillaries,venules,veins)
        
        lymphatic: defense against infection (lymphatic vessels,lymph,lymphocytes,lymph nodes, spleen, thymus)
        
        respiratory: delivery of air for gas exchange (trachea,lungs)
        
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- - - - Serous membranes of the HEART: The membrane on the SURFACE of the heart is called visceral pericardium.
        The membrane the LINES THE CAVITY in which the heart is located is called Parietal pericardium.
        The space between these 2 membranes is called the Pericardial Cavity, and it is filled with serous fluid.
        
        The membrane on the surface of the liver, stomach,etc. is called Visceral Peritoneum.
        The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is called Parietal Peritoneum
        The space between these 2 membranes is called the Peritoneal Cavity and it is filled with serous fluid, .