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Cells (Mitosis: Process of nuclear division, in which the chromosomes are…
Cells
Mitosis: Process of nuclear division, in which the chromosomes are distributed to two daughter nuclei.
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3). Anaphase: The shortest phase, begins abruptly as thte centromeres of the chromosomes split simultaneously. Each chromotid becomes a chromosome in its own right.
1).Prophase
Late prophase: The nuclear envelope breaks up allowing the spindle to interact with the chromosomes.
Early prophase : the chromatin coils and condenses, forming barlike chromosomes.
4).Telophase: begins as soon as the chromosomal movement stops. This final stage is like prophase in reverse.
Organelles
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: makes proteins that are secreted from the cell; makes the cells membranes.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Site of lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification.
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Golgi Apparatus: Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from cell.
Endocytosis:
Pinocytosis: "cell drinking" A routine activity of most cells; an unselective way of sampling the extracellular fluid. Important in cells that are nutrient absorbtion (like cells that line intestine).
Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Exquisitely selective transport process. Bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane for transport into the cell.
Phagocytosis: "cell eating" WBC help police and protect the body by ingesting bacteria, viruses, and other foriegn substances. Eat the bodies dead and diseased cells.
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Cell cycle
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Interphase: cells grows, carries on usual activities.
synthetic phase: DNA replicates itself, ensuring the the cells receive two identical parts.
G2: brief, enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized.
G1: Make proteins rapidly, grow vigorously.
Meosis: Specialized type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, resulting in four daughter cells.
Exocytosis: Moving out of the cell. Accounts for most secretion processes; release of mucus or protein hormones from the gland cells of the body.