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macro-molcules (Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides - any class of sugars that…
macro-molcules
Carbohydrates
Hydrophilic - having tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by
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Conjugated Carbohydrate - contently bound to lipid or protein. compounds made up of proteins and carbohydrates with the major difference between them being the protein/carb ratio
Glycolipids - lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic ( covalent ) bond. It maintains the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular membran
Glycoproteins - any class of proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain
prooteglycan - a compound consisting of a protein bonded to glycosaminoglycan group, present especially in connective tissue
Proteins
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Peptide - a short chain of amino acids. Amino Acids in a peptide are connected to one another in a sequence by peptide bonds
Peptide Bonds - a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule
Conformation - the characteristic 3- dimensional shape of a protein, including the primary, secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary structure of the peptide.
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Protein functions - they do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation, of the body's tissues and organs
Primary structure - refers to the sequence of amino acids in the peptide chain. The primary structure is held together by the peptide bonds that are made during the process of protein biosynthesis
Secondary structure - a secondary structure refers to the local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to the interactions between atoms of the backbone.
Tertiary structure - Amino acids form secondary structures such as alpha helices, beta sheets, and random cells, which inter-fold on themselves to form the tertiary structure
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nucleic acids
nucleotides a set .of five nitrogenous bases is used in the construction of nucleotides which in turn build up nucleic acids like dna and rna
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nucleic acids are polymers of individual nucleotide monomers each nucleotide is composed of three parts a five carbon sugar ,a phosphate group and nitrogenous base
ribose-ribose and its related compound deoxyribose are the building blocks of the backbone chains iin nucleic acids
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a single nucleic acid is a phosphate -pentose polymer with purine and pyrimidine bases as a side groups .the links between the nucleotides are called phosphodiester bonds .
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