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Communication Systems (Hormones (Peptides or proteins (peptide/protein…

- - - - Large, Inactive precursor
    - - Smaller, inactev
    - - Transport in the blood, short half-life
      - Bind surface membrane receptors
      - Cellular response through signal transduction system
    - - contains peptide hormone, directs protein to lumen of the rough ER (peptide may or may not have biological activities)
    - - short half-life: minutes
  - - - hydrophilic (binds to membrane receptors)
        
        Ex: Insulin, Glucagon, Growth hormone
    - - hydrohpobic (binds intracellular receptors)
        
        Testoterone, estrogen progesterone, corticosteroids
    - - Binds to membrane or intracellular receptors
        
        Catecholamines thyroid hormones
  - - - Stored in vesicles
    - - activate or repress genes for protein synthesis (genomic effect)
      - slower acting
    - - Nongenomic effect
    - - bind to carrier proteins in blood (protection from degradation)
  - - - Competitive Inhibitors e.g, tamoxifen
      - functional antagonism eg., glucagon opposes insulin