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PLASTICS (Plastics (Ecological properties (Mechanical recycling (Extrusion…

- - - - Sintetics
        
        Formed by:
        
        Natural gas
        
        Carbon
        
        Petroleum
      - Natural
        
        for example
        
        Cellulose
        
        Latex
    - - During the manufacturing proccess
        
        Add natural rubber, paper, fibreglass...
        
        To reduce the cost
        
        Add additives and pigments
        
        to give it flexibility and colour
  - - - Mechanical
      - Acoustic
      - Electrical
      - Thermal
      - Others
        
        Low density, impermeability...
    - - Rigidity
      - Flexibility
      - Strenght
      - Elasticity
  - - - Extrusion
      - Agglutination
      - Pelletising
      - Floating
      - Separation
- - - - We apply pressure by means of a large, rotating screw, witch forces the melted material out, through a nozzle
      - We cool the shaped material slowly In a refrigerated water bath until lt's solid.
      - We put thermoplastic, in granular form, into a previously heated cilinder
      - Finally, we collect the pieces of plastic through a feeder system.
  - - - blow moulding
        
        We put a tubular-shaped piece of plastic into a hollow mould which has the same shape as the object that we want to make
        
        We close the mould and blow pressurised air into it, so that the, washing plastic adheres to the sides of the mould and takes its shape.
        
        When the object is cold, we remove it from the mould.
      - compression
        
        We put thermostable plastic, which can be in granular form, into the base of a cavity mould.
        
        The outher part of the cavity mould, shaped the same, is closed to compress the material inside. When then heat it and it becomes soft and malleable
        
        The plastic adapts to the shape of the cavity between the two parts of the mould
        
        We extract the object when the plastic has cooled and solidified
      - Injection moulding
        
        We iniect melted thermoplastic into a mould
        
        When the material has cooled and solidified, we extract it from the mould
- - - - Tool that makes holes in plastics
      - consists of inserting a long thin, round and
        threaded piece of metal into the head of the
        machine that revolves at high speed for
        cutting holes.
  - - - To cut sheets less than 1 mm in thickness
    - - To cut soft, low density plastics
      - can make straight, slanting and curved cuts
    - - To cut soft, thin flexible sheets
    - - To cut sheets of differents thickness, depending on their hardness
    - - To cut flat sheets of low density plastic
      - Makes simples objects by applying pressure
    - - To cut sheets of soft thermoplastic
    - - To cut very large sheets of plastics, and rigid plastics in general
      - Can make straight, slantig and curved cuts
- - - - Standart screw
        
        Used to fasten two obiects
        
        Holes must be drilled first before the screw is inserted
      - Double ended screw
        
        Each end of the screw can be inserted into one of a pair of objects
      - Nut and bolt
        
        Used to fasten two objects together
        
        Nut used to tighten the bolt
  - - - Joining two surfaces permanently
        
        Acrylic cement: hquid, used mainly with PVC and polystyrene
        
        Contact adhesives: liquid, work instantly after applying to
        both surfaces, used with all types of plastics
        
        Resins with two components: liquid, high water resistance
    - - Joining thermoplastics using heat
        and pressure