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PLASTICS (FORMATION TECHNIQUES (Extrusion. (1.We put thermoplastic, in…
PLASTICS
Plastics are materials formed by polymers. The polymers in plastics are
made from long chains of carbon atoms
Depending on their origin, we can describe plastics as natural or
synthetic
Synthetic plastics are made from compaund extracted from petroleum, natural gas and carbon
Natural plastics are obtained directly from raw vegetable materials, for example, cellulose or latex, or from animal proteins
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ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
We can recycle plastics. There are three recycling processes; chemical,
mechantcal and energetic
Mechanical recycling. We apply chemical processes to make new
materials from the original components of plastic residues.
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4. Extrusion. tve melt the matenal, and then it is extruded into long
filaments
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Energetic recycling. We can incinerate plastics and the energy that
is produced is used in industry, for heating or producing electricity.
Chemical recycling. We apply chemical processes to make netv
matenals from the ongtnal components of plasuc residues.
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FORMATION TECHNIQUES
Extrusion.
1.We put thermoplastic, in granular form, Into a previously heated cylinder
2.We apply pressure by means of a large, rotating screw, which forces
the melted matenal out, through a nuzzle
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4.Finally, we collect the pieces of plastic through a feeder system
Vacuum Forming.
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3.We extract the air below the sheet so that the plastic is pulled against
the instde walls of the shaped mould, and the desired form is created
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4.We leave the mould to cool, then remove the object
Lamination.Thermoplastic produced by the extrusion method ls passed through a
senes of hot cylinders to produce sheets of varying thickness
Moulding
Blow Moulding
2.We close the mould and blow pressurised air into it, so that the plastic adheres to the sides of the mould and takes its shape.
3. When the object is cold, we remove it from the mould.
1.We put a tubular-shaped piece of plastic into a hollow mould which has the same shape as the oblect that we want to make
Compression
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2.The outer part of the cavity mould, shaped the same, is closed to compress the material inside We then heat it and it
becomes soft and mafleabie
1.We put thermostable plastic,which can be in granular form,into the base of a cavity mould.
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Injection
2.When the material has cooled and solidified, we extract it from the
mould
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