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Does the tissue have a free surface? (Do you see relatively few cells that…
Does the tissue have a free surface?
No
connective tissue, muscle tissue or nervous tissue
Yes
Epithelium
Is there a single, distinct layer of cells?
No
pseudostratified or stratified epithelium
Yes
Do the cells appear flat, with little cytoplasm around the nucleus?
No
simple cuboidal or simple columnar
Yes
simple squamous epithelium
Do the cells appear square, with a round nucleus near the center?
No
simple columnar epithelium
Yes
simple cuboidal epithelium
Do the cells appear rectangular, with an oval nucleus near the middle?
Yes
simple columnar epithelium
Are there cilia at the apical surface?
Yes
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No
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Do the cells appear to be predominantly columnar, but adjacent cells are different height?
Yes
are there cilia at the apical surface?
No
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Yes
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
No
stratified epithelium
Looking at stratified epithelium:
Do the cells at the apical surface appear flat?
No
stratified cuboidal or stratified columnar epithelium
Yes
Stratified squamous epithelium
Do the cells at the apical surface contain nuclei?
no
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
yes
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Do the cells at the apical surface appear square?
Yes
stratified cuboidal epithelium
No
stratified columnar epithelium
Do the cells at the apical surface appear rectangular?
No
transitional epithelium
yes
stratified columnar epithelium
Are there cilia at the apical surface?
Yes
ciliated stratified columnar epithelium
No
stratified columnar epithelium
Do the cells at the apical surface appear dome-shaped?
Yes
transitional epithelium
Do you see relatively few cells that appear to be separated?
no
muscle tissue or nervous tissue
Yes
connective or nervous tissue
Do you see a large cell shaped like a many-pointed star?
No
Connective tissue
Yes
nervous tissue
Do you see concave cells with no apparent nucleus?
Yes
fluid connective tissue
No
connective tissue proper, cartilage or bone
Are there lacunae?
no
Connective tissue proper
Yes
Cartilage or bone
Are there lacunae arranged in concentric rings?
no
cartilage
bone connective tissue
Looking at cartilage:
are fibers visible in the matrix?
no
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Yes
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are the fibers fairly organized?
no
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yes
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Are there large, round cells with their nuclei pushed to the outside?
No
Areolar or dense regular connective tissue
Yes
Adipose connective tissue
Are the extracellular fibers loosely packed?
No
dense regular connective tissue
Yes
areolar connective tissue
Do there appear to be hot dog bun-shaped structures lined up end to end?
No
Muscle tissue
Yes
Nervous Tissue
Do the cells lack striations?
No
skeletal or cardiac muscle
Yes
Smooth muscle
do you see intercalated disks?
No
Skeletal muscle
Yes
Cardiac muscle