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Cognitive Psychology: mental phenomenon that underlie human behavior
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Cognitive Psychology: mental phenomenon that underlie human behavior
- Cognitive processes influence what is learned
- People's cognitive processes can sometimes be inferred from their behaviors
- People are selective about what they mentally process and learn (sensation vs. perception)
- Meanings and understandings are constructed by the learner (constuctivism)
- Maturational changes in the brain enable sophisticated cognitive processes with age (neuropsychology)
Model of Human Memory: information process theory (specific ways that learners mentally think about or process new information and events)
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Long Term Memory: component that holds knowledge and skills for a relatively long time (personal life events)
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activation: degree to which something in memory is being actively attended to and mentally processed
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script: schema that involves a predictable sequence of events related to a common activity (how to function at the doctors)
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Factors affecting Retrieval: multiple connections, distinctiveness, emotional overtones (hot cognition), regular practice (automaticity), relevant cues (stimulus), and wait time (length of time)
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Misconceptions and obstacles:
- Most Children and adolescents have a confirmation bias
- Students may believe that their existing beliefs better explain their experiences
- Some beliefs are integrated into cohesive theories
- Students fail to notice an inconsistency between new info and existing beliefs
- Students have a personal or emotional investment in their beliefs
Diversity in Cognitive Processes: girls vs. boys attention spans, general abilities, cultural background, living conditions/environment, wait time, English speaking vs. ESOL
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