CONSCIOUSNESS

Dual Processing

Altered state: Sleep

REM cycle

Altered state: Hypnosis - focused attention and awareness of surrounding

Altered state: Alcohol

Circadian Rhythm: biological clock

trigger changes in body temp

altered by: age

REM Sleep

waking beta, waking alpha, NREM-1, NREM 2,NREM-3, NREM-2, REM, then back to NREM-2

90 min cycle

SCN - cell cluster in hypothalamus that controls this rhythm

light trigger protein to signal SCN, cause pineal gland to stop producing melotonin (sleep inducing hormone)

Stage 2/NREM-1: slowed breathing, irregular brain waves, where hallucinations happen

Stage 3/NREM-2: has sleep spindles - bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain activity

Stage 4/NREM-3: deep sleep, emit large slow brain waves

REM: rapid eye movement, a lot of brain activity, no muscle movement

Sleep deprivation

REM rebound - to increase/fall straight to REM after sleep deprivation

a lot of ACh, negative norepinephrine and serotonin(not calm)

motor cortex active, but brain blocks to be signaled, so we are paralyzed

Benefits/ Functions

Perceptual learning: REM sleep in later stage +SWS in early stage

Motor learning: NREM-2

Memory: REM

Creativity/making unobvious links: REM

Semantic Priming Experiment - Woke ppl up in the middle of REM = responded to "wrong" faster after "thief" than after "right"

Alcohol disrupts REM sleep

Protection

Recuperation

growth - pituitary gland release growth hormones

from hippocampus to permanent storage

tired/ make more mistakes/ less attention

moody/irritable

risk of depression

risk of infection

gain weight

increases ghrelin, reduce metabolism, increase cortisol (stress hormones that make you fat), enhance limbic response to food

deliberate (conscious) and automatic (unconscious)

meaning

awareness of environment

awareness of self

eg of unconscious action - turning steering wheel to move lanes (we cannot reimagine it if not on the car)

Blindsight: patient that cannot identify object but can move around it

Selective attention

mind organizes and processes it simultaneously

conscious intention comes after brain processes it

Parallel processing

Sequential processing

brain's natural mode of processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously

used when dealing with difficult tasks

inattentional blindness - when we focus on sth so much we don't see the other object

change blindness: we don't see change in environment

Sleep disorders

Narcolepsy

Insomnia

Night terrors: in NREM-3

Sleepwalk/talk: in NREM-3

Sleep Apnea

not same as nightmare

occur usually in kids - high arousal, are frightened, but don't rmb in the morning

no recollection

affect esp REM

stop breathing for a while then snort when oxygen is low, no recollection

hard to fall and stay asleep

uncontrollable sleepy time - lapse directly into REM

Dreams

occur in REM

vivid, emotional, intense

hypnagogic dreams - seeing elements of the day in their dreams

delayed onset report - dreams get more vivid through the night

response to sensory stimuli - if feel water, create waterfall

Functions

Freud: satisfy deep wishes and desires - dreams are symbolic of a meaning behind it

Info processing/filing memories

physiological - develop neural pathways

no evidence

click to edit

but some parts aren't from the day

activation -synthesis theory: make sense of random brain activity

reflect cognitive development

conscious will - we decide why we act a certain way

psychological mech - cause of behavior is derived from all possible data collection - you are the product of your biology and environment

Lifting finger exp

Readiness potential -> awareness of wanting -> awareness of movement -> moving

criticism - maybe happening all at once?

implication - conscious wanting is not the reason but a consequence of a mental event happening

automatic process

ppl can react quickly and be conscious about it late

uncontrollable

controlled process

flexible, strategic

faster if more exposure

ppl have different susceptabilities/abilities

good: concentrate well

bad: easy to manipulate memories

application: focus away from pain

Cause Alcohol Myopia - wipe out perceptual and cognitive capacity

disinhibiting: only pay attention to the most noticeable idea/thing; no rationale

inhibiting: cause people to be extra careful

EXP done: show that drunks don't respond to inhibiting pressure, mostly only to strong appeal until the inhibiting pressure is in your face enough

explains why alcohol decreases condom use

Stage 1 - between awake and asleep

SWS - in stage 3 and 4