CONSCIOUSNESS
Dual Processing
Altered state: Sleep
REM cycle
Altered state: Hypnosis - focused attention and awareness of surrounding
Altered state: Alcohol
Circadian Rhythm: biological clock
trigger changes in body temp
altered by: age
waking beta, waking alpha, NREM-1, NREM 2,NREM-3, NREM-2, REM, then back to NREM-2
90 min cycle
SCN - cell cluster in hypothalamus that controls this rhythm
light trigger protein to signal SCN, cause pineal gland to stop producing melotonin (sleep inducing hormone)
Stage 2/NREM-1: slowed breathing, irregular brain waves, where hallucinations happen
Stage 3/NREM-2: has sleep spindles - bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain activity
Stage 4/NREM-3: deep sleep, emit large slow brain waves
REM: rapid eye movement, a lot of brain activity, no muscle movement
Sleep deprivation
REM rebound - to increase/fall straight to REM after sleep deprivation
a lot of ACh, negative norepinephrine and serotonin(not calm)
motor cortex active, but brain blocks to be signaled, so we are paralyzed
Benefits/ Functions
Perceptual learning: REM sleep in later stage +SWS in early stage
Motor learning: NREM-2
Memory: REM
Creativity/making unobvious links: REM
Semantic Priming Experiment - Woke ppl up in the middle of REM = responded to "wrong" faster after "thief" than after "right"
Alcohol disrupts REM sleep
Protection
Recuperation
growth - pituitary gland release growth hormones
from hippocampus to permanent storage
tired/ make more mistakes/ less attention
moody/irritable
risk of depression
risk of infection
gain weight
increases ghrelin, reduce metabolism, increase cortisol (stress hormones that make you fat), enhance limbic response to food
deliberate (conscious) and automatic (unconscious)
meaning
awareness of environment
awareness of self
eg of unconscious action - turning steering wheel to move lanes (we cannot reimagine it if not on the car)
Blindsight: patient that cannot identify object but can move around it
Selective attention
mind organizes and processes it simultaneously
conscious intention comes after brain processes it
Parallel processing
Sequential processing
brain's natural mode of processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously
used when dealing with difficult tasks
inattentional blindness - when we focus on sth so much we don't see the other object
change blindness: we don't see change in environment
Sleep disorders
Narcolepsy
Insomnia
Night terrors: in NREM-3
Sleepwalk/talk: in NREM-3
Sleep Apnea
not same as nightmare
occur usually in kids - high arousal, are frightened, but don't rmb in the morning
no recollection
affect esp REM
stop breathing for a while then snort when oxygen is low, no recollection
hard to fall and stay asleep
uncontrollable sleepy time - lapse directly into REM
Dreams
occur in REM
vivid, emotional, intense
hypnagogic dreams - seeing elements of the day in their dreams
delayed onset report - dreams get more vivid through the night
response to sensory stimuli - if feel water, create waterfall
Functions
Freud: satisfy deep wishes and desires - dreams are symbolic of a meaning behind it
Info processing/filing memories
physiological - develop neural pathways
no evidence
click to edit
but some parts aren't from the day
activation -synthesis theory: make sense of random brain activity
reflect cognitive development
conscious will - we decide why we act a certain way
psychological mech - cause of behavior is derived from all possible data collection - you are the product of your biology and environment
Lifting finger exp
Readiness potential -> awareness of wanting -> awareness of movement -> moving
criticism - maybe happening all at once?
implication - conscious wanting is not the reason but a consequence of a mental event happening
automatic process
ppl can react quickly and be conscious about it late
uncontrollable
controlled process
flexible, strategic
faster if more exposure
ppl have different susceptabilities/abilities
good: concentrate well
bad: easy to manipulate memories
application: focus away from pain
Cause Alcohol Myopia - wipe out perceptual and cognitive capacity
disinhibiting: only pay attention to the most noticeable idea/thing; no rationale
inhibiting: cause people to be extra careful
EXP done: show that drunks don't respond to inhibiting pressure, mostly only to strong appeal until the inhibiting pressure is in your face enough
explains why alcohol decreases condom use
Stage 1 - between awake and asleep
SWS - in stage 3 and 4